Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Saving Cape Hatteras Lighthouse from the Sea
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • BACKGROUND
  • Rate of Shoreline Retreat
  • Relevant Public Policies
  • THE PRESERVATION OPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS
  • Incremental Relocation of the Lighthouse Intact
  • Seawall/Revetment
  • Rehabilitation of Groinfield with Revetment
  • Other Options
  • BROADER ISSUES
  • Introduction
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • RECENT PROPOSALS
  • THE PRESENT STUDY
  • Part I Background Considerations
  • 1 The Physical Setting
  • STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE HATTERAS SHOREORIGIN OF THE OUTER BANKS
  • ISLAND MORPHODYNAMICS
  • STORMS
  • CHANGES IN SEA LEVEL
  • Historical Trends
  • Estimated Future Trends
  • SHORELINE RETREAT
  • TREND ANALYSIS
  • SUMMARY OF SHORELINE RETREAT ESTIMATES
  • 2 Relevant Public Policies
  • PROTECTION OF NAVIGATION
  • NATIONAL PARK SERVICE MANDATE
  • PROTECTION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES
  • COASTAL BARRIER RECESSION
  • FLOOD-HAZARD MITIGATION
  • ENHANCEMENT OF RECREATION AND TOURISM
  • PUBLIC EDUCATION
  • FEDERAL CONSISTENCY WITH STATE LAW
  • WETLANDS PROTECTIONECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS
  • ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
  • USE AND PROTECTION OF THE COAST
  • 3 Concepts of Historic Preservation
  • Part II The Criteria, Options, And Evaluation
  • 4 Preservation Options and Evaluation Criteria
  • THE OPTIONS
  • CRITERIA TO EVALUATE PRESERVATION OPTIONS
  • 5 Evaluation the Options
  • INCREMENTAL RELOCATION: THE PREFERRED OPTION
  • Overview
  • Cost of First Move
  • Cost of Future Moves
  • Evaluation
  • Site Selection
  • Ecological Consequences of Moving the Lighthouse
  • Recent Legislation
  • Summary
  • PROTECTION OF THE LIGHTHOUSE IN SITUGroinfield Rehabilitation Without Revetment
  • Groinfield Rehabilitation with Revetment
  • Seawall/Revetment
  • Artificial Reefs
  • Offshore Breakwaters and Groins
  • Artificial Seagrass
  • Beach Nourishment
  • No Action
  • New Lighthouse
  • 6 Practical Considerations
  • CONTRACTING CONSIDERATIONS
  • INSURANCE
  • INTERIM MEASURES
  • REHABILITATION OF THE LIGHTHOUSE
  • SITE DESIGN
  • Appendix A Major Shoreline Protection Measures
  • GENERAL MEASURES TAKEN IN CAPE HATTERAS VICINITY
  • THE NPS DECISION PROCESS AND THE VALUE OF OPEN PLANNINGACTIONS TO PROTECT CAPE HATTERAS LIGHTHOUSE SINCE 1980
  • Appendix B Additional Analyses of Shoreline Retreat
  • TREND ANALYSIS FOR SHORELINE WITH NO PROTECTION
  • THE BRUUN RULE
  • Appendix C Partial List of National Park Structures Moved by the National Park Service
  • Appendix D Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
  • References