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Expanding metropolitan highways : implications for air quality and energy use /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
Transportation Research Board, National Research Council,
1995.
|
| Colección: | Special report (National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board) ;
245. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- EXPANDING METROPOLITAN HIGHWAYS
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- REGULATORY CONTEXT
- ANALYTIC REQUIREMENTS
- FINDINGS
- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
- REFERENCES
- ABBREVIATIONS
- 1 Introduction
- REGULATORY CONTEXT
- Clean Air Legislation and Regulatory Requirements
- Historical Trends
- Requirements of the 1990 CAAA
- Conformity Requirements
- ISTEA
- Energy Regulation
- STUDY FOCUS
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
- OVERVIEW OF IMPACTS
- ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS
- ORGANIZATION OF REPORT
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- ABBREVIATIONS2 Contribution of Motor Vehicle Transportation to Air Pollution and Energy Consumption
- TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY
- Transportation-Related Pollutants
- Formation of Motor Vehicle Emissions
- Major Pollutants by Type
- Pollutants by Vehicle and Fuel Type
- Factors Affecting In-Use Emission Levels
- Travel-Related Factors
- Trips and Vehicle Use
- Speed, Acceleration, and Load
- Driver Behavior
- Highway-Related Factors
- Vehicle-Related and Other Factors
- Translating Emissions into Air Quality
- TRANSPORTATION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTIONEnergy and the Environment
- Factors Affecting In-Use Fuel Economy
- Travel-Related Factors
- Driver Behavior
- Highway-Related Factors
- Vehicle-Related and Other Factors
- MODELING AIR QUALITY AND ENERGY IMPACTS
- Introduction to Modeling Requirements and Approaches
- Land Use and Travel Demand Models
- Land Use Models
- Travel Demand Models
- Traffic Simulation Models
- Emission and Atmospheric Dispersion Models
- Emission Models
- Atmospheric Dispersion Models
- Energy Models
- Limitations of Current Modeling PracticeSUMMARY
- NOTES
- REFERENCES
- ABBREVIATIONS
- 3 Traffic Flow Characteristics
- OVERVIEW OF EXPECTED IMPACTS
- REVIEW OF EFFECTS ON EMISSIONS
- Effects of Changes in Traffic Flow Patterns
- Drive Cycles and Average Speed
- Estimates from Current Emission Models
- Certainty of Emission Estimates from Current Models
- Linking Emissions Estimates with Data on Traffic Flow Characteristics
- Status of Current Research and Modeling Efforts
- Research on In-Use Vehicle Emissions and Emission Modeling Improvements
- Research on Emissions Effects of Sharp Accelerations and Fuel EnrichmentResearch on Emissions Effects of High-Speed Driving
- Implications of Research for Emissions Modeling
- Traffic Simulation Modeling Improvements
- Effects on Travel Volumes
- Network Effects
- SUMMARY ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ON EMISSIONS AND AIR QUALITY
- Net Effects on Emissions
- Effects on Regional Air Quality
- REVIEW OF EFFECTS ON ENERGY USE
- Estimates from Current Models
- Certainty of Fuel Economy Estimates
- Net Effects on Energy Use