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The hydrogen economy : opportunities, costs, barriers, and R & D needs /
The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to exam...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autores Corporativos: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academies Press,
©2004.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Acknowledgments
- Table of Contents
- Tables and Figures
- Executive Summary
- 1 Introduction
- Origin of the Study
- Department of Energy Offices Involved in Work on Hydrogen
- Scope, Organization, and Focus of This Report
- 2 A Framework for Thinking About the Hydrogen Economy
- Overview of National Energy Supply and Use
- Energy Transitions
- Motivation and Policy Context: Public Benefits of a Hydrogen Energy System
- Scope of the Transition to a Hydrogen Energy System
- Competitive Challenges
- Energy Use in the Transportation Sector
- Four Pivotal Questions
- 3 The Demand Side: Hydrogen End-Use Technologies
- Transportation
- Stationary Power: Utilities and Residential Uses
- Industrial Sector
- Summary of Research, Development, and Demonstration Challenges for Fuel Cells
- Findings and Recommendations
- 4 Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Hydrogen
- Introduction
- Molecular Hydrogen as Fuel
- The Department of Energy's Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan
- Findings and Recommendations
- 5 Supply Chains for Hydrogen and Estimated Costs of Hydrogen Supply
- Hydrogen Production Pathways
- Consideration of Hydrogen Program Goals
- Cost Estimation Methods
- Unit Cost Estimates: Current and Possible Future Technologies
- Comparisons of Current and Future Technology Costs
- Unit Atmospheric Carbon Releases: Current and Possible Future Technologies
- Well-to-Wheels Energy-Use Estimates
- Findings
- 6 Implications of a Transition to Hydrogen in Vehicles for the U.S. Energy System
- Hydrogen for Light-Duty Passenger Cars and Trucks: A Vision of the Penetration of Hydrogen Technologies
- Carbon Dioxide Emissions as Estimated in the Committee's Vision
- Some Energy Security Impacts of the Committee's Vision
- Other Domestic Resource Impacts Based on the Committee's Vision
- Impacts of the Committee's Vision for Total Fuel Costs for Light-Duty Vehicles
- Summary
- Findings
- 7 Carbon Capture and Storage
- The Rationale of Carbon Capture and Storage from Hydrogen Production
- Findings and Recommendations
- 8 Hydrogen Production Technologies
- Hydrogen from Natural Gas
- Hydrogen from Coal
- Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy
- Hydrogen from Electrolysis
- Hydrogen Produced from Wind Energy
- Hydrogen Production from Biomass and by Photobiological Processes
- Hydrogen from Solar Energy
- 9 Crosscutting Issues
- Program Management and Systems Analysis
- Hydrogen Safety
- Exploratory Research
- International Partnerships
- Study of Environmental Impacts
- Department of Energy Program
- 10 Major Messages of This Report
- Basic Conclusions
- Major Recommendations
- References
- Appendixes
- Appendix A Biographies of Committee Members
- Appendix B Letter Report
- Appendix C DOE Hydrogen Program Budget
- Appendix D Presentations and Committee Meetings
- Appendix E Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses
- Appendix F U.S. Energy Systems
- Appendix G Hydrogen Production Technologies: Additional Discussion.