Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Risk
  • Health Care
  • Research
  • Behavioral Health
  • Data Collection and Access
  • Engineering and Biology
  • Organization
  • Astronaut Health Beyond Earth Orbit
  • Health Risks of Space Travel
  • Charge to the Committee
  • The Committee's Study of Health Care for Astronauts Traveling Beyond Earth Orbit
  • Risks to Astronaut Health During Space Travel
  • Countermeasure to Solve Physiological Adaptations to Space
  • Musculoskeletal System
  • Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Microgravity
  • Reversibility, Genetic Variability, and Mechanism of Bone Mineral Density Loss
  • Clinical Research Opportunities in Astronaut Physiology and Health
  • Effects of Microgravity on Skeletal Muscle
  • Circulatory and Pulmonary Systems
  • Orthostatic Hypotension
  • Other Effects on the Cardiovascular System
  • Effects of Microgravity on the Pulmonary System
  • Alimentary System
  • Nutrition in Space
  • Space Motion Sickness
  • Nervous System
  • Neurovestibular Function
  • Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
  • Eye-Hand Coordination and Sustained Gross Motor Activity
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Reproductive System
  • Effects of Radiation on Gametes
  • Human Reproductive Physiology in Space
  • Sex Differences
  • Urinary System
  • Physiological Monitoring
  • Monitoring During Space Travel: Development of Technology
  • A Strategy for a Space Medicine Clinical Research Program
  • A Clinical Research Program for NASA
  • Managing Risks to Astronaut Health
  • General Principles and Issues
  • Medical Events in Extreme Environments
  • Health Risk Assessment
  • Nutrition
  • Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
  • Environmental and Occupational Health
  • Health Care Practice Opportunities
  • Cardiovascular Care
  • Dental Care
  • Endocrine Function
  • Gastrointestinal Issues
  • Gynecological Health Issues
  • Hematology, Immunology, and Microbiology
  • Mental Health Issues
  • Neurological Issues
  • Urinary Disorders
  • Emergency and Continuing Care
  • Anesthesia and Pain Management
  • Airway Management in Space
  • Anesthetics
  • Regional Anesthesia
  • Surgery and Trauma
  • Physiological Response to Injury
  • Surgical Skills and Training
  • Surgical Equipment
  • Technical Aspects of Surgery
  • Prevention of Infection
  • Management of Common Surgical Emergencies
  • Management of Abscesses and Soft-Tissue Infections
  • Rehabilitation for Astronauts on Long-Duration Missions
  • Catastrophic Illness, Death, and End-of-Life Considerations
  • Personnel and Other Health Care Resources
  • Development of a Space Medicine Catalog and Database
  • Behavioral Health and Performance
  • Astronaut Performance and General Living Conditions
  • Current Practice and Knowledge Base
  • Requirements for Additional Knowledge
  • Use of Pairs of Transport Vehicles for Small Groups Traveling Beyond Earth Orbit
  • Support and Recovery Systems
  • Current Practice and Knowledge Base
  • Requirements for Additional Knowledge
  • Screening, Selection, and Training
  • Current Practice and Knowledge Base
  • Requirements for Additional Knowledge
  • Strategic Research Considerations
  • Exploring the Ethics of Space Medicine
  • Ethical Issues in Clinical Care for Astronauts
  • Institutional Pressure to Underreport Clinical Signs, Symptoms, and Medical Data
  • Current Practice Regarding the Confidentiality of Individual Astronaut Medical Data
  • Earth-Based Analogs for Balancing Medical Confidentiality with Public Health
  • Justification for Using the Occupational Health Model to Balance Privacy and Safety
  • Ethical Issues in the Astronaut-Flight Surgeon Relationship
  • Opportunities for Collecting Medical Data Aboard the International Space Station
  • Expand the Collection of Occupational Health Data
  • Change the Process for Review of Clinical Research Protocols in Space Medicine
  • Suggested Changes in the Approach to Review of Proposed Clinical Research or Data Collection for Astronauts
  • Ethical Issues and the Special Circumstances of International Crews
  • Planning an Infrastructure for Astronaut Health Care
  • Mission and Goals
  • Organizational Components
  • Leadership
  • Critical Elements of the Organizational Framework
  • Alternative Organizational Frameworks
  • Organizational Structure to Ensure Astronaut Health and Safety
  • Systems Development
  • Policy and Legislation
  • Funding
  • Internal Relationships
  • External Relationships
  • Operational and Clinical Components
  • Standard of Care
  • Medical Care
  • Medical Informatics
  • Personnel and Training
  • Evaluation and Performance Improvement
  • Background and Methodology
  • Letter from Daniel S. Goldin, Administrator, NASA
  • Committee and Staff Biographies
  • Clinical Research Opportunities for Astronaut Health
  • Health Care Opportunities in Space Medicine
  • Behavioral Health and Performance Research and Development Opportunities
  • The Key Elements in the Committee's Recommendations
  • Astronaut Health Beyond Earth Orbit
  • Trajectory of a human mission to Mars in 2014
  • Charge to the Committee
  • What Is Space Medicine in Reference to Developing a Vision and Strategy for Astronaut Health?
  • Risks to Astronaut Health During Space Travel
  • Some Major Human Physiological Changes Resulting from Extended Travel in Earth Orbit
  • Countermeasure (CM) evolution
  • Average Bone Mineral Density Loss on Mir
  • Altered Sleep Patterns as Example of Multifactorial Problems Arising During Space Travel
  • Elements of the Critical Path Roadmap Project
  • Critical Path Roadmap Project: Critical Risks
  • Countermeasure (CM) development and evolution
  • What Constitutes Clinical Research?
  • Clinical Research Opportunities for Astronaut Health
  • Managing Risks to Astronaut Health
  • Major Health and Medical Issues During Spaceflight
  • In-Flight Medical Events for U.S. Astronauts During the Space Shuttle Program
  • Medical Events Among Seven NASA Astronauts on Mir
  • Medical Events and Recurrences Among Astronauts of all Nationalities on Mir
  • Pharmacopoeia Usage During Mir Missions
  • Incidence of Health Disorders and Medical-Surgical Procedures During 136 Submarine Patrols
  • Reasons for 332 Medical Evacuations from All Submarines, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, 1993 to 1996
  • ANARE Health Register Illnesses in Antarctica from 1988 to 1997
  • Potential Methods of Risk Assessment and Screening
  • Breast Cancer as an Example of Risk Assessment in Space Medicine
  • "Normal" Findings on Physical Examination in Microgravity
  • Advances in Preventive Dentistry
  • Health Care Opportunities in Space Medicine
  • Emergency and Continuing Care
  • Health Care Opportunities in Space Medicine
  • Behavioral Heath and Performance
  • Evidence of Emotional or Social Problems on Short-Duration Missions
  • Recovery and Reintegration
  • Systematic Multiple Level Observation of Groups
  • Potential Uses of Neuroimaging Methods for Astronaut Selection, Training, and Intervention
  • Distributed Interactive Simulation
  • Behavioral Health and Performance Research and Development Opportunities
  • Exploring the Ethics of Space Medicine
  • Examples of Earth-Based Limitations on Doctor-Patient Confidentiality to Decrease Risks to Others
  • The Common Rule and Informed Consent
  • Potential Categories of Clinical Research or Data Collection Protocols for Astronauts
  • Examples of Category 2 Clinical Research or Data Collection Protocols for Astronauts
  • Planning an Infrastructure for Astronaut Health Care
  • Infrastructure Elements for Developing a Comprehensive Health Care System for Astronauts.