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Lecture notes on equilibrium point defects and thermophysical properties of metals /
Despite the significant progress in the study of point defects in metals, some important problems still do not have unambiguous solutions. One of the most practically important questions relates to equilibrium defect concentrations. There exist two opposite viewpoints: (1) defect contributions to ph...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Singapore ; River Edge, N.J. :
World Scientific,
©2000.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1. Introduction. 1.1. Point defects in solids. Formation parameters. 1.2. Influence of point defects on physical properties. 1.3. Strong nonlinear increase in specific heat. 1.4. Two viewpoints on equilibrium point defects in metals
- 2. Basic theory of point-defect formation. 2.1. Thermodynamics of point-defect formation. 2.2. Origin of the formation entropy. 2.3. Temperature dependence of formation parameters. 2.4. Results of theoretical calculations. 2.5. Summary
- 3. Methods for studying point defects. 3.1. Measurements in equilibrium. 3.2. Quenching experiments. 3.3. Observation of vacancy equilibration. 3.4. Summary
- 4. Modulation calorimetry and related techniques. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Basic theory of modulation calorimetry. 4.3. Modulation of heating power. 4.4. Measurement of temperature oscillations. 4.5. Modulation dilatometry. 4.6. Modulation measurements of electrical resistivity and thermopower. 4.7. Summary
- 5. Enthalpy and specific heat of metals. 5.1. Point defects and specific heat. 5.2. Methods of calorimetry. 5.3. Formation parameters from calorimetric data. 5.4. Extra enthalpy of quenched samples. 5.5. Question to be answered by rapid-heating experiments. 5.6. Specific heat of tungsten
- a student experiment. 5.7. Summary
- 6. Thermal expansion of metals. 6.1. Point defects and thermal expansion. 6.2. Methods of dilatometry. 6.3. Differential dilatometry. 6.4. Equilibrium vacancy concentrations. 6.5. High vacancy concentrations in some alloys and intermetallics. 6.6. Lattice parameter and volume of quenched samples. 6.7. Summary.
- 7. Electrical resistivity of metals. 7.1. Influence of point defects on electrical resistivity. 7.2. Resistivity of metals at high temperatures. 7.3. Quenched-in resistivity. 7.4. Comparison of data from two methods. 7.5. Summary
- 8. Positron annihilation. 8.1. Positron-annihilation techniques. 8.2. Experimental data. 8.3. Drawbacks of positron-annihilation techniques. 8.4. High vacancy concentrations in some intermetallics. 8.5. Summary
- 9. Other methods. 9.1. Hyperfine interactions. 9.2. Other physical properties. 9.3. Microscopic observation of quenched-in defects. 9.4. Summary
- 10. Equilibration of point defects. 10.1. Role of internal sources (sinks) for point defects alloys and intermetallics. 10.2. Electrical resistivity. 10.3. Specific heat. 10.4. Positron annihilation. 10.5. Equilibration times from relaxation data. 10.6. Summary
- 11 . Parameters of vacancy formation. 11.l. Equilibrium concentrations of point defects. 11.2. Point defects in high-melting-point metals. 11.3. Temperature dependence of formation parameters. 11.4. Summary
- 12. Discussion. 12.1. Comparison of experimental techniques. 12.2. Critical vacancy concentrations. 12.3. Thermodynamic bounds for formation entropies. 12.4. Effects of anharmonicity. 12.5. Constant-volume specific heat of tungsten. 12.6. Thermal defects in alloys and intermetallics. 12.7. Self-diffusion in metals. 12.8. Point defects and melting. 12.9. How to determine vacancy contributions to enthalpy
- a proposal. 12.10. Summary
- 13. Conclusions. 13.1. Current knowledge of equilibrium point defects in metals. 13.2. Actuality of Seeger's formulation. 13.3. What could be done to reliably determine equilibrium defect concentrations.