Balancing the national interest : U.S. national security export controls and global economic competition /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor Corporativo: Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on the Impact of National Security Controls on International Technology Transfer
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1987.
Temas:
Technology transfer > Government policy > United States.
National security > United States.
Export controls > United States.
Transfert de technologie > Politique gouvernementale > États-Unis.
Exportations > Contrôle > États-Unis.
Sécurité nationale > États-Unis.
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS > International > General.
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS > International > Economics.
Export controls
International economic relations
National security
Technology transfer > Government policy
Internationale handel.
Veiligheidspolitiek.
Exportbeperkingen.
Kennisoverdracht.
United States > Foreign economic relations.
États-Unis > Relations économiques extérieures.
United States
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Balancing The National Interest
  • Copyright
  • Sponsors
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROBLEM
  • THE CURRENT NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROL REGIME
  • ASSESSMENT OF THE CRITICAL ISSUES
  • FINDINGS AND KEY JUDGMENTS OF THE PANEL
  • I. The Practical Basis for National Security Export Controls
  • II. Considerations Influencing National Policy
  • III. Soviet Technology Acquisition Efforts in the West
  • IV. Diffusion and Transfer of technical Capability
  • V. Foreign Availability and Foreign Control of TechnologyVI. Effectiveness of the Multilateral Process
  • VII. Administration of U.S. National Security Export Control Policies and Procedures
  • RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PANEL
  • I. Strengthen the Cocom Mechanism
  • II. Accord Greater Importance in U.S. National Security Export Control Decisions to Maintaining Technological Strength ...
  • 1 Introduction
  • THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
  • The Technology-Security Nexus
  • The Current Challenge
  • ORIGINS AND MANDATE OF THE STUDY
  • SCOPE OF THE PANEL'S WORK
  • FOCUS OF THE STUDYORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
  • NOTES
  • 2 Evidence on the Technology Transfer Problem
  • INTRODUCTION
  • INTELLIGENCE EVIDENCE ON SOVIET TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION
  • ESPIONAGE
  • DIVERSIONS
  • LEGAL SALES
  • THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIOUS CHANNELS OF LOSS
  • SOVIET UTILIZATION OF ACQUIRED WESTERN TECHNOLOGY
  • THE STATE OF SOVIET SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8
  • IMPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE EVIDENCE
  • NOTES
  • 3 The Changing Global Economic and Technological Environment
  • CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETPLACE
  • GROWING U.S. INTERACTION IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMYTHE CHALLENGE TO U.S HIGH-TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP
  • CoCom Countries
  • Non-CoCom Countries
  • NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES
  • NOTES
  • 4 The Dimensions of National Security Export Controls
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • World War II Origins and the Early Postwar Years
  • The Export Control Act of 1949 and the Establishment of CoCom
  • The New Role of Science and Technology in Postwar U.S. Defense Strategy
  • Detente and the Export Administration Act of 1969
  • U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROLS
  • Controls on MunitionsControls on Dual Use Products and Technologies
  • Dual Use Products
  • General Licenses
  • Validated Licenses
  • Controls on Technical Data
  • Reexport Controls
  • Penalties for Violations
  • ADMINISTRATION OF U.S. CONTROLS
  • MULTILATERAL NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROLS
  • THE CONTROL SYSTEMS OF OTHER WESTERN NATIONS
  • NOTES
  • 5 An Assessment of U.S. National Security Export Controls
  • INTRODUCTION
  • EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROLS
  • Intelligence and Enforcement Evidence
  • Compliance

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