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Dangerous Fakes
Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. This study presents detailed information on the value of counterfeit trade in such dangerous fake goods, analyses changes in the volumes and composition...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development,
2022.
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| Colección: | Illicit trade (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Preface
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- 1 Which Fakes are more likely to be Dangerous?
- Product safety requirements, norms and standards
- Harmonised standards in the EU
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- US SHOP SAFE Act of 2021
- Product recalls and alerts
- OECD GlobalRecalls portal
- EU Rapid Alert System for Dangerous Products (Safety Gate)
- 2 Dangerous Products
- Types of Risks
- Effects on health
- Pharmaceuticals
- Alcohol
- Cosmetics
- Toothpaste
- Contact lenses
- Effects on safety
- Toys and children's equipment
- Recreational equipment
- Electrical and electronic equipment
- Semiconductors
- Batteries
- Power adapters
- Automotive parts
- Personal protective equipment
- Environmental impact
- Pesticides and agrochemicals
- Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and medical equipment
- Information and communication technology and other electronic devices
- Personal security
- 3 Trade in Potential Dangerous Counterfeit Products
- Quantitative Analysis
- The broad scope
- Products impacted
- Trade routes
- Transport methods
- Dangerous counterfeit goods shipped by vessel
- Impacted products
- Trade routes
- Analysis of the most frequently counterfeited toys
- Shipment size
- Dangerous counterfeit goods transported by small parcels
- Impacted products
- Trade routes
- Analysis of the most frequently counterfeited footwear
- EU Case Study
- Dangerous product categories subject to counterfeiting
- Main trade routes of trade in dangerous fakes destined to the EU countries
- Transport modes of dangerous goods destined to the EU countries
- Focused scope
- Trade volumes
- Trade routes
- Products impacted
- Transport methods of dangerous fakes
- Dangerous counterfeit goods shipped by vessel
- Impacted products
- Trade routes
- Shipment size of dangerous fakes
- Dangerous counterfeit goods shipped by parcels
- Impacted products
- Trade routes
- Transport mode
- Analysis of the most frequently counterfeited cosmetics
- EU Case Study
- The role of e-commerce
- Industry focuses
- Foodstuffs
- Cosmetics
- 4 Concluding Remarks
- Next steps
- Annex A. Methodological notes
- A.1. Constructing the General Trade-Related Index of Counterfeiting for products (GTRIC-p)
- Step 1: Measuring reporter-specific product seizure intensities
- Step 2: Measuring general product seizure intensities
- Step 3: Measuring product-specific counterfeiting factors
- Step 4: Establishing GTRIC-p
- A.2. Constructing the general trade-related index of counterfeiting economies (GTRIC-e)
- Step 1: Measuring reporter-specific seizure intensities from each provenance economy
- Step 2: Measuring general seizure intensities of each provenance economy
- Step 3: Measuring partner-specific counterfeiting factors
- Step 4: Establishing GTRIC-e