Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers Diffraction Analysis of Ordered and Disordered Crystals.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Auriemma, Finizia
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2013.
Colección:New York Academy of Sciences Ser.
Temas:
Electronic books.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title page
  • Copyright page
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • 1: Configuration and Conformation of Macromolecules in Polymer Crystals
  • 1.1 Crystals of Polymers
  • 1.2 Constitution and Configuration of Crystalline Polymers
  • 1.2.1 Constitution
  • 1.2.2 Configuration
  • 1.2.3 Relative Configurations
  • 1.3 Conformation
  • 1.4 Relationships among Internal Parameters of Macromolecules
  • 1.5 Conformation of Polymer Chains in the Crystalline State
  • 1.5.1 Basic Principles
  • 1.5.2 The Equivalence Principle
  • 1.5.3 Principle of Minimum Conformational Internal Energy
  • 1.5.4 Relationships between Internal Coordinates and Conformational Parameters
  • 1.6 Helical Conformations in Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polymers
  • 1.7 Conformational Energy Calculations
  • 1.7.1 Setting Up Molecular Models: Coordinate Transformations
  • 1.7.2 Calculation of the Conformational Energy for Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polymers
  • 1.8 Helical Conformation and Optical Activity
  • 1.9 Alternating Copolymers
  • 1.10 Polydienes
  • 1.11 Nonhelical Chain Conformations of Isotactic Polymers
  • References
  • 2: Packing of Macromolecules in Polymer Crystals
  • 2.1 General Principles
  • 2.2 The Principle of Density (Entropy)-Driven Phase Formation in Polymers
  • 2.3 Symmetry Breaking
  • 2.4 Impact of Chain Folding on Crystal Structure Symmetry
  • 2.5 Frustrated Polymer Crystal Structures
  • 2.6 Chiral Crystallization of Polymers with Helical Chain Conformations
  • 2.7 Packing Effects on the Conformation of Polymer Chains in Crystals: The Case of Aliphatic Polyamides
  • References
  • 3: Methods in Crystal Structure Determination from X-Ray Diffraction
  • 3.1 X-Ray Diffraction of Semicrystalline Polymers
  • 3.1.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.1.2 Experimental Techniques for Polymer Crystals
  • 3.2 Fourier Synthesis and the Phase Problem in Crystallography
  • 3.3 X-Ray Fiber Diffraction Analysis
  • 3.3.1 Determination of the Fiber Period and the Bragg Distances of Diffraction Peaks
  • 3.3.2 Analysis of Nonhelical and Helical Structures
  • 3.3.3 The Structure Factor of a Single Molecule: The Continuous Helix
  • 3.3.4 CCV Formula for Helical Structures
  • 3.3.5 The Case of Incommensurable Helices
  • 3.3.6 Calculation of Structure Factors of a Single Helical Chain
  • 3.3.7 Calculation of Structure Factors of Crystals of Helical Molecules Including More Than One Chain per Unit Cell
  • 3.4 Determination of Parameters of the Unit Cell and Indexing of the Diffraction Pattern
  • 3.4.1 X-Ray Diffraction Data from Oriented Fibers
  • 3.4.2 X-Ray Diffraction Data from Powder Samples
  • 3.5 Measure of the Integrated Intensities of the Reflections and Corrections for Geometric (Lorentz), Polarization, and Absorption Factors
  • 3.6 Calculation of Structure Factors
  • 3.7 Structural Refinement
  • 3.8 Form of Diffraction Pattern and Broadening due to the Laue Function

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