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An Introduction to Language
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Newark :
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
2014.
|
| Colección: | New York Academy of Sciences Ser.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Linguistics in the World
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Companion Website
- Acknowledgments
- Note to Instructors
- Preface: About the Book
- 1: Introduction
- chapter overview
- language, languages, and the people who speak them
- what is language?
- what are language sounds?
- what are words?
- what are phrases?
- what is discourse?
- language differences
- language similarities
- variation through time
- variation today
- understanding the world of language
- the complex nature of language
- judging language
- Standard Englishes and vernacular Englishes
- grammars
- teaching grammars
- prescriptive grammars
- descriptive grammars
- mental grammars
- Universal Grammar
- meaning
- standard Englishes and different world views
- structure
- a tour of language
- chapter summary
- key concepts
- notes
- references
- further reading
- exercises
- individual work
- group work
- study questions
- 2: Sounds
- chapter overview
- learning about what you already know
- letters and phonetic symbols: a mismatch
- phonetic symbols: a convenient lie
- meaning, ambiguity, and arbitrariness
- Sound symbolism
- mergers
- two related kinds of meaning with sound
- a sketch of sounds
- consonants and vowels
- consonants
- the place of articulation
- manner
- voice
- McGurk effect3
- vowels
- are all language sounds important to all languages?
- making a difference: contrasting sounds with minimal pairs
- playing with voicing
- variation through time: how many sounds did English start with?
- the story of R: part 1
- chapter summary
- key concepts
- Notes
- references
- further reading
- exercises
- individual work
- group work
- study questions
- 3: Patterns of Sounds
- chapter overview
- predictable differences
- meanings with minimal pairs
- some sound patterns linked with social meaning
- structure
- natural classes
- syllables
- possible and impossible combinations
- sound patterns
- a sample consonant pattern
- a sample vowel pattern
- schwa rule
- deletion and insertion
- assimilation
- nasalization
- flapping
- devoicing
- palatalization
- the story of R (and L): part 2
- Englishes and other languages
- aspiration
- intonation
- variation through time
- variation today
- spoonerisms
- At the word's end: consonant loss
- yod variation
- glottalization of /t/
- chapter summary
- key concepts
- Notes
- references
- further reading
- exercises
- individual work
- group work
- study questions
- 4: Simple Words in the Lexicon
- chapter overview
- lexical ambiguity and arbitrariness
- our mental dictionaries: unlike paper dictionaries in several ways
- the lexicon and synonyms
- structure
- how to identify lexical categories
- content lexical categories
- adjectives
- nouns
- verbs
- function words: the mortar for the bricks
- coordinators