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Trade therapy : deepening cooperation to strengthen pandemic defenses /
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the upsides and downsides of international trade in medical goods and services. Open trade can increase access to medical services and goods (and the critical inputs needed to manufacture them), improve quality and variety, and reduce costs. But excessive concentrat...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, DC :
World Bank Group,
[2022]
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- OVERVIEW
- Introduction
- Trade flows in medical goods and services
- Policies affecting trade in medical goods and services
- Deepening cooperation on medical goods and services trade
- Notes
- References
- INTRODUCTION
- Stronger trade systems for better global health security
- Organization of the report
- Reference
- 1 TRADE FLOWS IN MEDICAL GOODS AND SERVICES
- The medical goods and services trade: Relevance, characteristics, and welfare implications
- Drivers of trade in medical goods and services
- Functioning of medical supply chains
- Patterns in medical goods and services trade before the pandemic
- Developments in medical goods and services trade during the pandemic
- Notes
- References
- 2 TRADE POLICIES IN MEDICAL GOODS AND SERVICES
- Policies affecting medical goods and services trade under normal conditions
- Policies affecting medical goods and services trade during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Notes
- References
- 3 DEEPENING COOPERATION ON MEDICAL GOODS AND SERVICES TRADE
- International cooperation on trade in medical goods
- Trade policy cooperation to contribute to global health security
- Cooperation beyond trade agreements for global health security
- Notes
- References
- 4 LEVERAGING MEDICAL GOODS AND SERVICES TRADE FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS: AN ACTION PLAN
- The need for action and reform now
- Proposals and priorities
- Reference
- Boxes
- 1.1 Access to health care: The role of (trade in) health insurance services
- 1.2 WHO's Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel-and the blurred boundaries between trade in medical services and migration of health workers
- 1.3 Recent FDI trends in medical goods and services
- 2.1 General equilibrium analysis of trade and health care costs
- 2.2 Development of export-oriented medical services in selected countries
- 3.1 RTA cooperation during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 3.2 Pricing policies for medical goods in the context of international trade
- 3.3 Potential commitments to bolster governance of trade policy in global crises
- 3.4 Health technology transfer to least developed countries
- 3.5 Traceability and illicit trade in medical products in Africa
- Figures: 1.1 The largest economies, not always high-income economies, are the largest exporters of medical goods and services, leading to concentration
- 1.2 The yearly probability of a pandemic worse than the 1918 influenza pandemic has increased substantially since the 1600s
- 1.3 Growth in GDP per capita is tightly correlated with growth in health spending, though slightly less so in high-income countries
- 1.4 Across economies, population aging explains little of the growth in health spending per capital
- B1.1.1 Private health insurance schemes as a share of total health expenditure in selected countries, 2019.