An Introduction to Plant Immunity

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Bouktila, Dhia
Otros Autores: Habachi, Yosra
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Sharjah : Bentham Science Publishers, 2021.
Temas:
Plants > Disease and pest resistance.
Plant immunology.
Plantes > Résistance aux maladies et fléaux.
Plantes > Immunologie.
Plant immunology
Plants > Disease and pest resistance
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • End User License Agreement
  • Contents
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Dedication
  • Introduction
  • Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. SUBCELLULAR PATHOGENS
  • 1.1. Viruses
  • 1.2. Viroids
  • 2. CELLULAR PATHOGENS
  • 2.1. Mycoplasmas (also called Mollicutes)
  • a. Phytoplasmas
  • born Spiroplasmas
  • 2.2. Bacteria
  • 2.3. Fungi
  • 2.4. Oomycetes
  • 2.5. Nematodes
  • 2.6. Parasitic Plants
  • 3. ARTHROPODS
  • 3.1. Insects
  • 3.2. Mites
  • 4. THE CONCEPT OF HOST RANGE
  • CONCLUSION
  • Plant Diseases
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. DEFINITION OF A PLANT DISEASE
  • 2. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT DISEASES
  • 2.1. Parasitic (Biotic) Diseases
  • 2.2. Noninfectious (Abiotic) Diseases
  • 3. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PLANT DISEASES
  • 3.1. Quantitative Effect on Production
  • 3.2. Effect on Product Quality
  • 4. DIAGNOSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASES
  • 4.1. Diagnosis Based on Symptoms, Landscape, and Agricultural History
  • a. Symptoms
  • born The Agricultural Landscape and History
  • 4.2. Detection and Identification of Pathogens
  • a. Methods Based on Morphological Observations
  • born Methods Based on Biochemical Markers
  • c. Serological/Immunological-Based Detection Systems
  • d. Methods Based on Molecular Markers
  • 5. MOLECULAR HOST-PATHOGEN DIALOGUE
  • 5.1. Compatible Reaction
  • 5.2. Incompatible Reaction
  • a. Non-Host Resistance 5
  • born Horizontal Resistance6
  • c. Vertical Resistance7
  • 6. METHODS OF CONTROLLING PATHOGENS AND PESTS
  • 6.1. Phytosanitary Regulations
  • 6.2. Control by Cultural Practices
  • 6.3. Chemical Control
  • 6.4. Physical Control
  • 6.5. Biological Control
  • a. The Strategy of Antagonistic Organisms
  • born The Strategy of Secondary Plants
  • 6.6. Genetic Resistance
  • 6.7. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
  • CONCLUSION
  • Plant Immunity: An Overview
  • INTRODUCTION.
  • 1. COEVOLUTION OF PLANT DEFENSE AND PATHOGEN ATTACK MECHANISMS: THE ZIGZAG MODEL
  • 2. COMPONENTS OF PLANT IMMUNITY
  • 2.1. Innate Immunity
  • 2.2. Acquired Resistance
  • 2.3. Host Versus Nonhost Resistance
  • a. Nonhost Resistance
  • born Host Resistance
  • 3. CONCEPTS OF AVOIDANCE, RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE
  • 4. COMPARISON BETWEEN IMMUNE SYSTEMS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
  • a. Non-specific Immunity (Plants vs. Animals)
  • born Specific Immunity (Plants vs. Animals)
  • c. Immune Memory (Plants vs. animals)
  • d. Programmed Cell Death (apoptosis) (Plants vs. animals)
  • CONCLUSION
  • Passive Defenses
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. PRE-EXISTING MECHANICAL DEFENSES
  • 2. PRE-EXISTING BIOCHIMICAL DEFENSES
  • 2.1. Phenolic Compounds
  • 2.2. Terpenoids
  • 2.3. Alkaloids
  • 2.4. Phytoanticipins
  • 2.5. Nutrient Deprivation
  • CONCLUSION
  • Basal or Nonspecific Plant Defense
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. PASSIVE (CONSTITUTIVE) DEFENSES
  • 2. ACTIVE (INDUCIBLE) DEFENSES
  • 2.1. Development of the Concept of PAMP from that of Elicitors
  • 2.2. Generic and Conserved Nature of PAMPs
  • 2.3. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
  • 2.4. Popular Models of PTI in Plants
  • 2.4.1. Flagellin-Induced Resistance
  • 2.4.2. Elongation Factor (Ef-Tu)-Induced Basal Resistance
  • 3. HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF PRR GENES
  • CONCLUSION
  • Pathogen Race-Specific Resistance
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. THE FLOR MODEL
  • 2. PATHOGEN EFFECTORS
  • 3. PLANT RESISTANCE (R) GENES
  • 4. ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN PTI AND ETI
  • CONCLUSION
  • Acquired Resistance and Elicitors of Natural Plant Defense Mechanisms
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. ACQUIRED RESISTANCE
  • 1.1. Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR)
  • 1.2. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)
  • 1.3. Metabolic Changes Associated with Induced Resistance
  • 2. ELICITORS OF NATURAL PLANT DEFENSE MECHANISMS. CAN PLANTS BE IMMUNIZED?
  • 2.1. Definition of an NDS.
  • 2.3. Complex Clusters of non Homologous Resistance Genes
  • 3. EVOLUTION OF THE NBS-LRR GENE FAMILY
  • 3.1. The Crucial Role of Duplication in the Evolution of R Genes
  • 3.2. Diversification of Resistance Genes by Transposable Elements
  • CONCLUSION
  • Molecular Classification of Plant Resistance Genes
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. WHY STUDY R GENES?
  • 2. CLASSES OF PLANT DISEASE RESISTANCE GENES BASED ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES
  • 2.1. The Two Classes of Coiled Coil-Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (CNL) and Toll-Interleukin Receptor-Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (TNL)
  • 2.2. The two classes of Receptor-Like Protein (RLP) and Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK)4
  • 2.3. Superclass of Oth-R-Genes
  • a. Example of Genes Encoding Toxin Reductases
  • born Example of Genes Encoding Proteins With CC Domain and a Transmembrane Domain
  • c. Example of Genes Encoding a Cytoplasmic Protein Kinase
  • 3. CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF RESISTANCE PROTEINS
  • 4. POSITIONAL CLONING OF PLANT RESISTANCE (R) GENES
  • CONCLUSION
  • Strategies and Mechanisms for Plant Resistance Protein Function
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. STRATEGY (1): PERCEPTION
  • 1.1. Mode (1.1): Extracellular Perception
  • a. Mechanism 1: Direct Extracellular Perception
  • born Mechanism 2: Indirect Extracellular Perception
  • 1.2. Mode (1.2): Intracellular Perception
  • c. Mechanism 3: Direct Intracellular Recognition
  • d. Mechanism 4: Indirect Intracellular Recognition
  • e. Mechanism 5: NLR-IDs
  • 1.3. Mode (1.3)
  • f. Mechanism 6: Executor Genes
  • 2. STRATEGY (2): LOSS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY
  • [g. Mechanism 7: Active Loss of Susceptibility]
  • g. Mechanism 7: Active Loss of Susceptibility
  • h. Mechanism 8: Passive Loss of Susceptibility due to mutation in a host component targeted by the pathogen
  • i. Mechanism 9: Passive Loss of Susceptibility by Host Reprogramming
  • CONCLUSION.
  • Signal Transduction Pathways Activated During Plant Resistance to Pathogens
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. PHYTOHORMONE SIGNALING
  • 1.1. Salicylic Acid (SA)
  • 1.2. Jasmonic Acid (JA) and Ethylene
  • 2. CALCIUM SIGNALING
  • 3. MAPK CASCADES
  • 4. THE OXYDATIVE BURST
  • 5. MAIN PATHWAYS TRIGGERED DURING RESISTANCE TO BACTERIA
  • 6. MAIN PATHWAYS TRIGGERED DURING RESISTANCE TO BIOTROPHIC FUNGI
  • 7. MAIN PATHWAYS TRIGGERED DURING RESISTANCE TO NECROTROPHIC FUNGI
  • 8. SIGNALING CROSSTALK BETWEEN PLANT ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES
  • CONCLUSION
  • Transcriptional Reprogramming in Plant Defense
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. MAJOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILIES ACTIVE IN PLANT IMMUNITY
  • 1.1. WRKY Transcription Factors
  • 1.2. NAC Transcription Factors
  • 1.3. MYB Transcription Factors
  • 1.4. AP2 / EREBP Transcription Factors
  • 1.5. bZIP Transcription Factors
  • 1.6. NPR1 Transcription Factors
  • 2. REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL COMPLEXES
  • 2.1. Direct Regulation of Transcriptional Complexes by Transcription Factors
  • 2.2. Regulation of Transcriptional Complexes by MAPK Cascades
  • 2.3. Regulation of Transcriptional Complexes by Ca2+ signaling
  • CONCLUSION
  • Insights into the Role of Epigenetics in Controlling Disease Resistance in Plants
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. DNA METHYLATION
  • 1.1. Reduced DNA Methylation and Defense-Related Genes Priming
  • 1.2. Plant Methylation Changes During Pathogen Infection
  • 1.3. Transgenerational Epigenetically Acquired Resistance
  • 2. TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS
  • 3. ROLE OF NON-CODING RNAS IN EPIGENETIC CONTROL
  • CONCLUSION
  • Plant Defense Gene Expression and Physiological Response
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. HYPERSENSIBLE RESPONSE (HR)
  • 2. ENZYMES AND ENZYME INHIBITORS
  • 3. DEFENSINS
  • 4. PHYTOALEXINS
  • 5. PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS (PRS)
  • CONCLUSION
  • Contribution of Genomics to the Study of Resistance in Cultivated Plants.

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