Catalyst Engineering Technology Fundamentals and Applications.

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This book gives a comprehensive explanation of what governs the breakage of extruded materials, and what techniques are used to measure it. The breakage during impact aka collision is explained using basic laws of nature allowing readers to determine the handling severity of catalyst manufacturing e...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Beeckman, Jean W. L.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2020.
Temas:
Science.
Sciences.
sciences (philosophy)
science (modern discipline)
SCIENCE / Chemistry / Industrial & Technical.
Science
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • About the Author
  • Acknowledgments
  • Dankwoord
  • Foreword
  • Chapter 1 Catalyst Preparation Techniques and Equipment
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 What are Catalysts?
  • 1.1.2 Catalyst Composition
  • 1.2 Forming of Catalysts
  • 1.2.1 Catalysts Formed by Extrusion
  • 1.2.1.1 Typical Materials
  • 1.2.1.2 Mixing, Mulling, Granulation, and Kneading
  • 1.2.1.3 Extrusion
  • 1.2.1.4 Extrusion Efficiency
  • 1.2.2 Spheroidal Catalysts
  • 1.2.2.1 Spray Drying
  • 1.2.2.2 Bead Dripping
  • 1.2.2.3 Granulation Pans
  • 1.2.2.4 Fluid Bed Granulation
  • 1.2.2.5 Spheronization
  • 1.2.3 Catalysts Formed by Pelletizing
  • 1.2.4 Monolith-type Catalysts
  • 1.3 Impregnation and Drying
  • 1.4 Rotary Calcination
  • 1.4.1 Introduction
  • 1.4.2 Residence Time in a Rotary Calciner without a Dam
  • 1.4.3 Residence Time in a Rotary Calciner with a Dam
  • 1.4.4 Residence Time Distribution in a Rotary Calciner
  • 1.5 From the Laboratory to a Commercial Plant
  • 1.5.1 Scale-up Technology
  • 1.5.2 Scale-down Technology
  • References
  • Chapter 2 Extrusion Technology
  • 2.1 Background
  • 2.2 Rheology
  • 2.2.1 Shear Stress, Wall Shear Stress, and Shear Rate
  • 2.2.2 Friction
  • 2.2.3 Rheometer Data
  • 2.2.4 Comparing Friction and Wall Shear Stress
  • 2.2.5 A Paste under Stress
  • 2.2.6 The Yield Strength of a Paste
  • 2.2.7 Paste Density
  • 2.3 Extrusion
  • 2.3.1 Ram Extrusion
  • 2.3.2 Auger Extrusion
  • 2.3.2.1 Die Equation or Die Characteristic
  • 2.3.2.2 Model 1: The Extruder Characteristic Equation
  • 2.3.2.3 Model 2: Pressure Profile along the Auger and the Die
  • 2.3.2.4 Model 3: Friction-based Models
  • 2.3.2.5 Pictorial for Paste Movement against a Blind Die
  • 2.3.2.6 Pictorial for Paste Movement against an Open Die
  • References
  • Chapter 3 The Aspect Ratio of an Extruded Catalyst: The Aspect Ratio of an Extruded Catalyst: An In-depth Study
  • 3.1 General
  • 3.2 Introduction to Catalyst Strength and Catalyst Breakage
  • 3.3 Mechanical Strength of Catalysts
  • 3.3.1 Bending Strength of Extrudates
  • 3.3.2 Extrudate Side Crush Strength
  • 3.3.3 Extrudate Bulk Crush Strength
  • 3.3.4 Crush Strength of a Sphere
  • 3.3.5 Young's Modulus of Elasticity
  • 3.4 Experimental Measurement of Mechanical Strength
  • 3.4.1 Bending Strength, or the Modulus of Rupture Instrument
  • 3.4.1.1 Strain Rate Sensitivity
  • 3.4.1.2 Bridge Width Sensitivity
  • 3.4.1.3 Influence of the Length of the Extrudate
  • 3.4.1.4 Modulus of Rupture Reproducibility
  • 3.4.1.5 Wet Modulus of Rupture
  • 3.4.1.6 Modulus of Rupture Report
  • 3.4.2 Side Crush Strength, Bead Crush Strength, and Bulk Crush Strength
  • 3.4.3 A Speculation on the Variability of Strength from Extrudate to Extrudate
  • 3.5 Breakage by Collision
  • 3.5.1 Background
  • 3.5.2 Mathematical Modeling of Extrudate Breakage
  • 3.5.2.1 Experimental
  • 3.5.2.2 Modeling via a First-order Padé Approximation
  • 3.5.2.3 Application to Operational Severity

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