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Pollution in China /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hauppauge, N.Y. :
Nova Science Publishers,
©2011.
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| Colección: | China in the 21st Century.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- POLLUTION IN CHINA; POLLUTION IN CHINA ; CONTENTS ; PREFACE ; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN CHINA ; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ; INTRODUCTION ; 1. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: HISTORICAL TRENDS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES ; 1.1 Historical Trends ; 1.1.1 Water Quality ; Surface Water Quality ; Lake (Reservoir) Water Quality; Groundwater Quality ; 1.1.2 Discharge of Water Pollutants ; Discharge of Wastewater and Major Pollutants ; Wastewater Discharge and COD Discharge in Major Regions ; Wastewater Discharge and COD Discharge from Major Industries ; 1.1.3 Urban Air Quality ; 1.1.4 Acid Rain.
- 1.1.5 Emission of Atmospheric PollutantsEmission of Major Atmospheric Pollutants ; Emission of Industrial Air Pollutants ; Atmospheric Pollution from Traffic ; 1.1.6 Discharge of Solid Wastes ; Discharge of Industrial Solid Waste ; Discharge of Hazardous Waste ; Discharge of Municipal Domestic Wastes ; 1.2. Major Challenges ; 1.1.1 New Challenges ; Conventional Point-source Pollution plus Non-point-source Pollution ; Domestic Pollution; New Pollution Problem ; Pollution Migration ; Ecological Problem ; 1.1.2. Observation and Discussion ; Water and Air Pollution.
- Comprehensive Utilization and Management of Solid WasteEcological Deterioration; Economic Growth ; Public Health ; A Big Gap from the World Class ; 2. PROTECTION EFFORTS: EVOLUTION AND MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS ; 2.1 Evolution ; Stage 1: Beginning Stage (1972-1978) ; Stage 2: Comprehensive Development of the Environmental Management System (19781̃992) ; Stage 3: Enhancement of Environmental Protection (1992 -2008) ; Stage 4: New Era (2008 -present); 2.2.2 Major Institutional Achievements and Current Status ; Environmental Awareness is High.
- Governmental Organizations for Environmental Protection Have Been Fully Established. Environmental Laws and Regulations are Close to Mature.; A Comprehensive Environmental Policy System has been Established. ; Investment in Environmental Protection Keeps Increasing. ; International Cooperation is Much Stronger.; 3 POLICY EVALUATION ; 3.1 Overall Evaluation ; 3.1.1 Policy Framework ; 3.1.2 Overall Evaluation; (1) Characteristics ; Balance between environment and economic development. ; Balance between prevention and end-of-pipe treatment.
- Use of both conventional command & control approaches and economic instruments. Emphases on government actions.; (2) Future Challenges; Some advanced concepts are well developed but not well implemented. ; Coordination between different departments of government is weak. ; Legal system is incomplete. ; Policy enforcement and compliance are weak.; 3.2 Evaluation of Specific Policies ; 3.2.1 Strategies and Principles ; 3.2.2 Laws and Regulations ; 3.2.3 Major Command & Control Measures ; (1) Environmental Planning ; 2) Environmental Impact Assessment and "Three Simultaneities."