Water quality : indicators, human impact and environmental health /

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Wang, You-Gan (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: New York : Nova Publishers, [2013]
Colección:Water resource planning, development and management series.
Temas:
Water quality.
Water quality > Environmental aspects.
Eau > Qualité.
Eau > Qualité > Aspect de l'environnement.
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS > Real Estate > General.
Water quality
Water quality > Environmental aspects
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • WATER QUALITY
  • WATER QUALITY
  • CONTENTS
  • PREFACE
  • LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
  • WATER QUALITY INDICES FROM UNBALANCED 2SPATIO-TEMPORAL MONITORING DESIGNS
  • ABSTRACT
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Current Approaches to Water Quality Assessment
  • 1.2. Limitations and Strengths
  • 1.3. New Approaches to Water Quality Assessment
  • 2. WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODS
  • 2.1. Non-Compliance Scores
  • 2.2. Amplitude Scores
  • 2.3. Forming Overall Water Quality Indices
  • 3. AN APPLICATION
  • 3.1. Non-Compliance
  • 3.2. Amplitude
  • 3.3. Final Water Quality Index
  • CONCLUSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • ESTIMATES OF LIKELIHOOD AND RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SYDNEY DRINKING WATER SUPPLY FROM RESERVOIRS, LOCAL DAMS AND FEED RIVERS
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • ESTIMATING THE LIKELIHOOD USING THE FITTED MODEL
  • A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION PROCESS
  • ESTIMATING THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES
  • ESTIMATING THE COST RISK ASSOCIATED WITH EXCEEDING UPPER THRESHOLDS
  • USING A DOUBLE-SIDED TWO STAGED (MINOR OR MAJOR) STEP-PROFILE COST FUNCTION WITH AN ESCALATING COST FOR CONSECUTIVE MAJOR EXCEEDANCES
  • ESTIMATING THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE RISK ESTIMATOR, EXCLUDING ALTERED COSTS FOR CONSECUTIVE EXCEEDANCES
  • ASSESSING TRENDS IN THE LIKELIHOOD AND RISK
  • MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE LIKELIHOOD
  • CONSEQUENCE
  • COST ESTIMATES
  • Costing Approach
  • RESULTS
  • FUTURE RISK ASSESSMENT CHALLENGES
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
  • ATTACHMENT A- ANALYTES FOR ASSESSMENT, FOLLOWED BY AN EXAMPLE DATA SET
  • THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELING OF WATER QUALITY AND SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PROCESSES IN NATURAL LAKES
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • WATER QUALITY PROCESSES
  • Phytoplankton Kinetics
  • Nitrogen Cycle
  • Phosphorus Cycle
  • Dissolved Oxygen Balance
  • Processes in Bed Sediment Layer.
  • SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED WATER QUALITY PROCESSES
  • Effect of Sediment on the Growth of Phytoplankton
  • Processes of Adsorption-Desorption of Nutrients by Sediment
  • Mathematical Descriptions
  • Comparison with Experimental Measurements
  • Release of Nutrients from Bed Sediment
  • Mathematical Descriptions
  • Comparison with Experimental Data
  • NUMERICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT
  • Governing Equations
  • Wind_Induced Eddy Viscosity
  • Boundary Conditions
  • Numerical Solution
  • MODEL VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION
  • Model Validation for Wind-Driven Flow
  • Model Verification for the Mass Transport Simulation
  • MODEL APPLICATION TO DEEP HOLLOW LAKE
  • Study Area
  • Light Attenuation Coefficient in Deep Hollow Lake
  • Model Application
  • DISCUSSION
  • Comparison of Langmuir Equation and Linear Approach for Modeling the Adsorption-Desorption
  • Sensitivity of Chlorophyll Concentration to SS
  • Sensitivity of Chlorophyll Concentration to Nutrient Loadings
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
  • INTEGRATING MAJOR ION CHEMISTRY WITH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR GEOCHEMICALASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN COASTAL AQUIFER OF SAIJO PLAIN, EHIME PREFECTURE, JAPAN
  • ABSTRACT
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. STUDY AREA
  • 3. METHODOLOGY
  • 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
  • 4.1. General Water Chemistry
  • 4.2. Isotopic Signature of Groundwater
  • 4.3. Factor Analysis
  • CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • SUITABILITY OF GROUNDWATER OF ZEUSS-KOUTINE AQUIFER (SOUTHERN OF TUNISIA) FOR DOMESTIC AND AGRICULTURAL USE
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY AREA
  • SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
  • RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION
  • Physico-Chemical Parameters
  • Temperature and pH
  • Salinity
  • Major Ions
  • Chlorides and Sodium
  • Calcium and Magnesium
  • Sulfates
  • Potassium
  • Alkalinity
  • Trace Elements
  • Hydrochemical Facies.
  • Suitability for Drinking Purposes Using Water Quality Index (WQI)
  • Suitability for Irrigation
  • SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio
  • Percent Sodium % Na
  • Residual Sodium Carbonate RSC
  • Percent Magnesium % Mg
  • Permeability Index
  • Multivariate Data Analysis
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
  • Cluster Analysis (CA)
  • CONCLUSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • APPLICATION OF WATER QUALITY INDICES (WQI) AND STABLE ISOTOPES(18O AND 2H) FOR GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DENSU RIVER BASIN OF GHANA
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • METHOLOGY
  • Study Area
  • Climate and Geology
  • Data and Field Work
  • Laboratory Analysis
  • Sample Preparation
  • Sample Irradiation, Counting and Analysis
  • Estimation of the Water Quality Index (WQI)
  • Heavy Metals Indexing Approach
  • Contamination Index (Cd)
  • Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI)
  • Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI)
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
  • Water Quality Index (WQI)
  • Groundwater and Surface Water Classification
  • Heavy Metal Pollution Indices
  • Contamination Index (C d)
  • Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI)
  • Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI)
  • Comparison of the Three Indices
  • Water for Irrigation Purpose
  • Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)
  • Sodium Percentage (%Na)
  • Residual Sodium Carbonate
  • Permeability Index (PI)
  • Stable Isotope Analysis
  • Rain Water Isotopic Composition
  • Groundwater Isotopic Composition
  • Origin of Groundwater
  • Deuterium Excess (D-excess)
  • CONCLUSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
  • REFERENCES
  • EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF LUVUVHU CATCHMENT, SOUTH AFRICA
  • ABSTRACT
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. THE STUDY AREA
  • 3. METHODOLOGY
  • 3.1. Water Quality Monitoring
  • 3.2. Community Surveys
  • 3.3. Sampling
  • 3.3.1. Water Sampling Points.
  • 3.3.2. Community Sampling
  • 3.4. Analysis of Data from Community Survey
  • 4. RESULTS
  • 4.1. Water Quality Monitoring and Contemporary Management Practice
  • 4.2. Indigenous Knowledge and Community Perceptions Relating to Water Quality Monitoring
  • 4.3. Community Participation in Water Quality Monitoring and Management
  • 4.4. Water Scarcity and Failure by Service Providers to Supply Adequate Amounts of Water
  • 4.5. Exposure to Polluted Water
  • 4.6. Weaknesses in the Contemporary Water Quality Monitoring and Management Practices
  • 4.7. Fragmented Structure of the Decentralised Health Services
  • CONCLUSION
  • 6. RECOMMENDED CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
  • 6.1. Conceptualised Participatory Community Based Water Quality Monitoring and Management Model
  • 6.2. Technical Framework
  • 6.3. Community Empowerment Framework
  • Case study 1: Start
  • up of participatory community planning in Mexico From: FAO. 1997. Communication for Rural Development in Mexico: In Good Times and Bad. By Fraser, C. and Restrepo-Estrada Rome
  • Case study 2: Comparison of Inputs and Outputs of ten IPM versus ten Non-IPM RiFarmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia From: FAO .1993. IPM Farmer Training: The Indonesian Case, Jogyakarta: FAO-IPM Secretariat
  • 6.4. Communication Framework
  • REFERENCES
  • THE FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND TRICLOSAN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON WATER QUALITY
  • ABSTRACT
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. WHAT IS TRICLOSAN AND WHY IS IT USED?
  • 2.1. General Properties of Triclosan
  • 2.2. Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Triclosan on Bacteria
  • 3. WHY ARE THERE CONCERNS REGARDING THE USE OF TRICLOSAN?
  • 3.1. Use of Triclosan and Resulting Concerns
  • 3.2. Bacterial Resistance to Triclosan
  • 3.2.1. Triclosan Resistance and Adapted Resistance in Bacteria.
  • 3.2.2. Mechanisms of Resistance to Triclosan
  • 3.2.3. Resistance via Biodegradation?
  • 4. TRICLOSAN IN THE ENVIRONMENT
  • 4.1. Detection of Triclosan and its Effects on the Water and Wastewater Environment
  • 4.2. Wastewater Treatment Process and Triclosan Removal Efficiency
  • 4.3. Mechanisms Involved in Triclosan Removal from Activated Sludge Wastewater Processes
  • 4.3.1. Flow of Triclosan in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process
  • 4.3.2. Variable Contribution of Different Triclosan Removal Mechanisms
  • 4.3.3. Biodegradation as a Primary Mechanism to Be Promoted for Triclosan Removal
  • 5. THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENETICS OF TRICLOSAN DEGRADATION-WHAT IS KNOWN?
  • 5.1. Microorganisms Involved in Triclosan Biodegradation and Possible Pathways
  • 5.2. Isolation and Growth of P. citronellolis F12 on Triclosan
  • 5.3. Tentative Identification of Biodegradation Intermediates
  • 5.4. Genes Involved in Triclosan Catabolism are Plasmid Encoded
  • 6. TRICLOSAN AND SELECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT BACTERIA
  • 6.1. Evidence for Triclosan Induced Multiple Resistance
  • 6.2. Could Wastewater Play a Role in the Amplification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria?
  • CONCLUSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODS: THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
  • ABSTRACT
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Methods of Biological Evaluation of Water Quality
  • 1.2. Fish Health as Criteria of Water Quality
  • 1.3. Dose-Effect Dependencies and Critical Levels of Water Pollution: Case Study of Arctic Lake Imandra Served As Example
  • CONCLUSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • WATER QUALITY IMPACTS ON HUMAN POPULATION HEALTH IN MINING-AND-METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY REGIONS, RUSSIA
  • ABSTRACT
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • 3. RESULTS
  • 3.1. Water Quality.

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