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Dyslipidemia
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Philadelphia :
Wolters Kluwer,
2018.
|
| Edición: | 6th ed. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Indications: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermia
- Sites of measurement
- Risks of temperature monitoring
- Recommendations for temperature monitoring
- Renal function
- Indications for monitoring
- Urinary catheter
- Electrolytes
- Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- Neurologic function
- General considerations
- Indications for monitoring neurologic function
- Physiologic and metabolic monitoring
- Monitors of central nervous system (CNS) electrical activity
- Monitors of regional cerebral metabolic function
- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and cerebral oximetry
- Monitors of CNS embolic events
- Monitors of splanchnic perfusion and venous function
- Cardiac surgical procedures with special monitoring considerations
- Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB)
- OPCAB monitoring
- Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA)
- Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA)
- Additional resources
- 5. Transesophageal Echocardiography
- Basic principles of ultrasound imaging
- Basic principles of Doppler echocardiography
- Doppler echocardiography
- The Bernoulli equation
- Modes of cardiac ultrasound imaging
- M-mode echocardiography
- Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography
- Pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD)
- Continuous-wave Doppler (CWD)
- Color-flow Doppler (CFD)
- Tissue Doppler
- Indications for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during cardiac surgery
- Safety, contraindications, and risk of TEE
- Preoperative screening
- TEE probe insertion and manipulation
- Complications of TEE
- Intraoperative TEE examination
- Probe insertion
- Probe manipulation
- Machine settings
- TEE views
- Examination of specific structures
- Monitoring applications of TEE
- Assessing preload
- Measuring intracardiac pressures
- Measuring cardiac output
- Detecting myocardial ischemia
- Intracardiac air.
- TEE for specific types of surgery
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
- Valve repair surgery
- Valve replacement surgery
- Surgery for congenital heart disease
- Surgery for infective endocarditis
- Surgery for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- Thoracic aortic surgery
- Transplantation surgery
- Ventricular assist device implantation
- Minimally invasive cardiac surgery
- Transcatheter valve interventions
- Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography
- Fundamental limitations of ultrasound imaging
- Computed rendering of 2D images into 3D
- Real-time insonation of a volume of tissue
- 3D image display and manipulation
- 6. Induction of Anesthesia and Precardiopulmonary Bypass Management
- Introduction
- Premedication
- Preinduction period
- Basic monitors
- Invasive monitors
- Clinical tips
- Last-minute checks
- Induction
- Attenuation of hemodynamic responses
- Guiding principles
- Anticipated difficult intubation
- Drugs and pharmacology for induction of anesthesia
- Opioids
- Other intravenous (IV) anesthetic agents
- Inhalational agents
- Muscle relaxants
- Applications of old drugs in sick patients
- Inhalational induction in very sick patients
- Immediate postinduction period
- Management of events between anesthetic induction and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
- General principles
- Preincision
- Incision
- Opening the sternum
- During and after sternal spreading
- Concerns with cardiac reoperation ("redo heart")
- Concerns with urgent or emergent cardiac operation
- Internal mammary artery (IMA) and radial artery dissection
- Sympathetic nerve dissection
- Perioperative stress response
- Treatment of hemodynamic changes
- Preparation for cardiopulmonary bypass
- 7. Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
- Preparations for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
- Assembling and checking the CPB circuit
- Anesthesiologist's pre-CPB checklist
- Management of arterial and venous cannulation
- Commencement of CPB
- Establishing "full flow"
- Initial CPB checklist
- Cessation of ventilation and lung management
- Monitoring
- Adequacy of perfusion
- Typical CPB sequence
- Typical coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation
- Typical aortic valve replacement (or repair) operation
- Typical mitral valve replacement (or repair) operation
- Typical combined procedures
- Maintenance of CPB
- Anesthesia
- Hemodynamic management
- Fluid management and hemodilution
- Management of anticoagulation
- Temperature management
- ECG management
- Myocardial protection
- Arterial blood gas and acid-base management
- Management of serum electrolytes
- Management of blood glucose
- Rewarming, aortic cross-clamp release, and preparation for weaning
- Rewarming
- Release of aortic cross-clamp
- Preparation for weaning from CPB
- Organ protection during CPB
- Renal protection
- Brain protection
- Myocardial protection
- Inflammatory response to CPB
- Lung protection
- Splanchnic and gastrointestinal protection
- Prevention and management of adverse events, complications, and catastrophes associated with CPB
- Malposition of arterial cannula
- Reversed cannulation
- Obstruction to venous return
- High pressure in the arterial pump line
- Massive gas embolism
- Failure of oxygen supply
- Pump or oxygenator failure
- Clotted oxygenator or circuit
- Dislodgement of cannula or tubing rupture
- Heater-cooler malfunction
- Minimally invasive surgical techniques requiring CPB
- Port-access surgery
- Minithoracotomy
- Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery
- Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery
- Choice of cardioplegia
- Management of unusual or rare conditions affecting bypass.