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Engine Emissions Measurement Handbook.
The subject of engine emissions is expected to be at the forefront of environmental regulations and consumers' concerns for years to come. As technology develops to comply with new and different requirements in various regions of the world, understanding the fundamental principles of how engine...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Warrendale :
SAE International,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Chapter 1 Engine Emissions; 1.1 Characteristics of Engine Exhaust Gas; 1.1.1 Major Components of Engine Exhaust Gas; 1.1.2 Units Used for Exhaust Gas Components; 1.1.3 Concentration Variations of Exhaust Gas Components; 1.1.4 Exhaust Gas as Fluid (Physical Characteristics); 1.1.4.1 Density; 1.1.4.2 Viscosity (Coefficient of Viscosity); 1.1.4.3 Specific Heat; 1.1.4.4 Temperature; 1.2 Major Air Pollutants in Engine Exhaust; 1.2.1 Inorganic Compounds; 1.2.2 Organic Compounds; 1.2.2.1 Hydrocarbons; 1.2.2.2 Alcohols and Carbonyls.
- 2.2 Constant Volume Sampler2.2.1 Overview of the Constant Volume Sampler; 2.2.2 System Structure; 2.2.2.1 Mixing Tee; 2.2.2.2 Flow Controller; 2.2.2.3 Gas Sampling Bags; 2.2.3 Calculation of Mass Emission; 2.2.4 System Setup and System Check; 2.2.4.1 Setting the Dilution Flow Rate; 2.2.4.2 Calibration of the Dilution Flow Rate; 2.2.4.3 Total System Verification; 2.3 Measurement of Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles by the CVS Method; 2.3.1 Compensation of Background (Dilution Air); 2.3.1.1 Active Carbon Filter; 2.3.1.2 Dilution Air Refiner; 2.3.1.3 Proportional Ambient Sampling Method.
- 2.3.2 Optimization of Dilution Ratio2.3.2.1 Variable-Flow CVS; 2.3.2.2 Heated CVS; 2.3.2.3 Dehumidification of the Dilution Air; 2.3.3 Preventing HC Hang-Up; 2.3.3.1 Selection of Materials; 2.3.3.2 Separate Sample Lines for Low-Concentration Measurement; 2.3.3.3 Extensive Purging; 2.3.3.4 Blank Tests; 2.4 Bag Mini Diluter; 2.4.1 System Configuration and Features; 2.4.2 Mass Emission Calculation; 2.5 Exhaust Flow Rate Measurement; 2.5.1 Summary of Exhaust Flow Measurement; 2.5.2 Direct Measurement Method; 2.5.2.1 Ultrasonic Flow Meter; 2.5.2.2 Pitot Tube Flow Meter.
- 2.5.3 Indirect Measurement Method2.5.3.1 Intake Air Flow and Fuel Flow; 2.5.3.2 Intake Air Flow and Air-to-Fuel Ratio; 2.5.3.3 Tracer Method; References; Chapter 3 Measurement of Particle Emissions and Black Smoke; 3.1 PM Mass Filter Weighing (Balance) Method; 3.1.1 PM Sampling from a Tunnel; 3.1.1.1 Full-Flow Dilution Tunnel; 3.1.1.2 Micro Dilution Tunnel; 3.1.2 Filter Weighing; 3.1.3 Separate Analysis of Soluble Organic Fraction; 3.2 Other Methods for Exhaust Particle Mass Measurement; 3.2.1 Filter Combustion Method for Measuring Low-Mass PM.