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Dealing with the complex interrelation of intermittent supply and water losses /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London :
IWA Publishing,
2017.
|
| Colección: | Scientific and technical report (London, England) ;
no. 25. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Copyright; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Abbreviations; Principal Authors; Contributing Authors; Acknowledgements; Further Acknowledgements; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 10 Reasons Why IWS Should be Avoided; 1.2 Definition: The Complexity of Defining and Measuring IWS; 1.3 Water Use Under IWS and 24 × 7 Regime; 1.4 References; Chapter 2: Global dimensions of IWS
- number of people affected worldwide; 2.1 Disparate Information on IWS; 2.2 Proposed Methodology for Estimating IWS-Affected Population Worldwide; 2.3 Results; 2.4 References.
- Chapter 3: Root causes and implications of IWS3.1 Root Causes; 3.1.1 Water scarcity; 3.1.2 Fast population growth in LAMI countries; 3.1.3 Rapidly increasing demand due to urbanization; 3.1.4 Alternatives are perceived as impossible; 3.1.5 Lack of planning; 3.1.6 Lack of awareness; 3.2 Implications of IWS; 3.2.1 Water contamination and health hazard; 3.2.2 Water wastage; 3.2.3 Systems do not operate as designed; 3.2.4 Inequitable distribution within the network; 3.2.5 Inconvenience and high coping costs to consumers; 3.2.6 Seasonal dependence; 3.2.7 Network deterioration.
- 3.2.8 Increased difficulties in detecting and fixing leaks3.2.9 Meter malfunctioning & accelerated wear & tear; 3.2.10 Inefficient operations
- more manpower; 3.3 References; Chapter 4: Reasons for resistance to change towards 24 × 7; 4.1 The Utility Point of View; 4.2 The Customer Point of View; 4.3 Other Stakeholders and Vested Interests; 4.4 References; Chapter 5: Understanding water losses in the context of IWS; 5.1 The Challenges in Having IWS; 5.2 The Vicious Cycle of IWS; 5.3 Myth Busters; 5.4 The Challenge; 5.5 The Need for a Standardised Approach; 5.6 References.
- Chapter 6: Transitioning from IWS to continuous 24 × 76.1 Approaches to Water Loss Reduction; 6.2 Assessing Water Losses; 6.3 Moving Away From "Business as Usual"; 6.4 Developing a Water Loss Reduction Strategy; 6.5 Water Supply Matrix; 6.5.1 High water loss level, intermittent supply; 6.5.2 Low water loss level, intermittent supply; 6.5.3 High water loss level, continuous supply; 6.5.4 Low water loss level, continuous supply; 6.6 Preparing an "IWS To 24 × 7" Transitioning Plan; 6.6.1 Introduction; 6.6.1.1 Step 1: IWS problem analysis; 6.6.1.2 Step 2: Initial water audit.
- 6.6.1.3 Step 3: Water loss performance indicators6.6.1.4 Step 4: Volumetric assessment; 6.6.1.5 Step 5: Planning the transitioning from IWS to 24 × 7; 6.7 References; Chapter 7: Leakage detection under IWS; 7.1 Case Studies; 7.1.1 Middle East 1; 7.1.2 Middle East 2; 7.1.3 Middle East 3; 7.1.4 Asia; 7.1.5 Africa; 7.1.6 Conclusion; 7.2 Methodology for Leakage Detection Activities; 7.2.1 Important issues; 7.2.2 Further considerations and recommendations; 7.2.3 Trunk main leak detection; 7.3 Scenarios for Leakage Detection; 7.3.1 Scenario A: IWS regime of at least 4 hours and higher.