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Handbook of linguistic annotation /
This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguisti...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Heidelberg :
Springer,
[2017]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1 Introduction: The Handbook of Linguistic Annotation; 1 Introduction; 2 A Brief Anatomy of Linguistic Annotation Projects; 3 History, Evolution, and State-of-the-Art; 4 Part II: Case Studies; 5 Conclusion; Part I The Science of Annotation; 2 Designing Annotation Schemes: From Theory to Model; 1 Introduction; 2 Annotation Methodology; 2.1 The MATTER Cycle; 2.2 The CASCADES Model; 3 Scoping the Phenomena; 4 Theoretical Models; 4.1 Tense and Aspect; 4.2 Event Semantics; 4.3 Time Expressions; 4.4 Temporal Relations; 4.5 Subordinating Relations; 5 Developing a Preliminary Model
- 5.1 Identifying the Basic Elements5.2 Details of the Initial Model; 5.3 Modeling Subordination with SLINK; 5.4 TimeML Becomes ISO-TimeML; 6 The Resulting Model for ISO-TimeML; 6.1 Structural Properties; 6.2 Stand-Off Annotation; 6.3 Representing Relational Constraints; 6.4 Measuring Events; 6.5 Counting Events; 6.6 Specifying the Metamodel; 6.7 Abstract Syntax; 7 Conclusion; 3 Designing Annotation Schemes: From Model to Representation; 1 Introduction; 2 Background; 3 Representation Schemes for Text; 3.1 Segments; 3.2 Annotation Structure; 3.3 Relation Annotation; 3.4 Hierarchical Structures
- 4 Representation Schemes for Multi-modal Data4.1 Varieties of Multimodal Annotation; 4.2 Characteristics of Multimodal Annotations; 4.3 File Formats for Multi-modal Tools; 5 Generalized Representation Schemes; 5.1 XML Formats for Standoff Annotations; 5.2 Linked Data Representations; 5.3 Repositories of Linguistic Concepts; 6 Choosing Representation Schemes; 4 Community Standards for Linguistically-Annotated Resources; 1 Introduction; 2 History; 3 Broad-Based Standards: The Text Encoding Initiative; 3.1 The TEI Specification Framework; 3.2 TEI and Linguistic Annotations
- 3.3 Relation to ISO Standards3.4 Linguistic Annotation Projects Based Upon the TEI Guidelines; 3.5 Summary; 4 Ongoing Efforts: ISO Standards for Language Resource Management; 4.1 Linguistic Annotation Framework; 4.2 ISO SemAF: Semantic Annotation Schemes; 4.3 ISOcat; 4.4 Concluding Remarks; 5 De Facto Standards: CoNLL and Dependency Annotations; 6 Standards for Spoken Language Data; 6.1 Domains of Spoken Language: Standards Versus Diversity; 6.2 Spoken Language Resources: Annotation Standards; 6.3 Outlook: Technology, Quality Assessment and Standards Convergence
- 7 Toward Linked Data: NLP Interchange Format (NIF)7.1 URI Schemes; 7.2 NIF Core Ontology; 7.3 Use Cases for NIF; 7.4 Qualitative Comparison with Other Frameworks and Formats; 7.5 Lessons Learned, Conclusions and Future Work; 8 Summary and Recommendations; 5 Overview of Annotation Creation: Processes and Tools; 1 Annotation: More Than Just a Scheme; 2 Overview of the Annotation Process; 2.1 MATTER and MAMA; 2.2 Additional Stages; 3 Basic Tool Considerations; 3.1 Choosing the Right Tools; 3.2 Creating the Right Tools; 3.3 Common Problems with Tools; 4 Tool Features; 4.1 Common Features