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The Economics of Thomas Robert Malthus.
Hollander investigates the relation of Malthusian economics to that of the other great classicists - particularly Smith, Ricardo, J.B. Say, and the French physiocrats. He redefines our common perception of Malthus's method and character.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Toronto :
University of Toronto Press,
1997.
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| Colección: | Studies in comparative political economy and public policy.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- CONTENTS
- PREFACE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- I: Early explorations in growth and development theory
- 1 THE ESSAY ON POPULATION, 1798-1807
- I: Introduction
- II: The 'geometrical' and 'arithmetical' ratios
- III: The critique of William Godwin
- IV: Application to the Poor Laws
- V: Diminishing returns and land scarcity-based growth theory
- VI: The downward wage path
- VII: The English case
- VIII: The distribution of activity between agriculture and manufacturing
- IX: The oscillatory process
- X: Diminishing returns and growth, 1803
- XI: The 1806 defence
- XII: Food and population: The order of precedence and the oscillatory process, 1803, 1806/7
- XIII: Summary and conclusion
- 2 THE MALTHUS-RICARDO CORRESPONDENCE, 1813-1814
- I: Introduction
- II: Direct effect of agricultural productivity on profit rate denied: The stimulatory effect of agricultural protection
- III: Effect of agricultural productivity conceded and the 'temporary' effect of manufacturing prosperity
- IV: The profit-rate trend elaborated
- V: Concluding remarks
- 3 THE INQUIRY INTO RENT (1815)
- I: Introduction
- II: An agricultural-growth model and an extension
- III: On the rising real costs of marginal extensions: An alternative perspective
- IV: Two classes of stationary state
- V: The effect of exogenous increase in the corn price
- VI: Reactions by Ricardo
- VII: Summary and conclusion
- 4 THE MALTHUS-RICARDO CORRESPONDENCE, 1815-1819
- I: Introduction
- II: Agricultural expansion and profit-rate increase
- III: An Evaluation of The Essay on Profits
- IV: On the advantages of a high corn price
- V: Restatement of objections to Ricardo's 'new view'
- VI: On the wage-profit relation
- VII: The source of the contrasting positions
- VIII: First reactions to Ricardo's Principles.
- IX: A summing-up on the trend paths of the factor returns
- 5 THE ESSAY ON POPULATION REVISED (1817)
- I: Introduction
- II: Checks to growth in 'agricultural', 'commercial', and 'mixed' systems
- III: Land scarcity, the factor returns, and prudential population control
- IV: Prudence endogenized
- V: Changes in ceteris paribus conditions
- VI: The response to Weyland: Implications for the growth model
- VII: Manufacturing expansion and population growth
- VIII: The order of precedence of food supply and population growth, and the 'oscillatory' process
- IX: Concluding notes: Some interpretive problems
- II: Value, distribution, and growth
- 6 PRICE THEORY
- I: Introduction
- II: On utility
- III: The theory of exchange
- IV: The theory of demand
- V: The limitations of demand-supply analysis
- VI: Cost-price analysis: General themes
- VII: The case against the labour theory: Time
- VIII: The case against the labour theory: Rent
- IX: Malthus and J.B. Say
- 7 VALUE MEASUREMENT
- I: Introduction
- II: Value measurement and general purchasing power
- III: On Ricardo's money measure of labour embodiment
- IV: A proposed linked corn-labour index
- V: Abandonment of quest for an index of purchasing power
- VI: Labour command as measure of absolute supply conditions
- VII: Measurement of supply conditions, 1823
- VIII: Supply conditions and the profit rate
- IX: Supply conditions and the labour market
- X: The measure in a growth context
- XI: The Ricardo-Malthus exchange, 1823
- XII: J.S. Mill on The Measure of Value
- XIII: The response to Samuel Bailey
- XIV: A summary formulation, 1827
- XV: Summary and conclusion
- Appendix: 'Table illustrating the invariable Value of Labour and its Results'
- 8 SURPLUS VS SCARCITY: A PHYSIOCRATIC DIMENSION
- I: Introduction
- II: On 'surplus': The Essay on Population.
- III: On sectoral interdependence
- IV: Agriculture as sole source of surplus confirmed
- V: Surplus vs scarcity: The pamphlets of 1815 and the Principles
- VI: Ricardo's objections: The land-scarcity condition
- VII: Malthus and land scarcity: The response to Ricardo
- VIII: The growth context
- IX: The diminishing-returns complexity elaborated
- X: Malthus's 'debt' to the Physiocrats
- XI: Summary and conclusion: The disintegration of Malthusian physiocracy
- 9 WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT
- I: Introduction
- II: Labour supply: Wages and population growth
- III: Labour demand
- IV: Family earnings and full employment
- V: Summary and conclusion
- 10 PROFIT-RATE ANALYSIS
- I: Introduction
- II: The secular decline of the profit and wage rates
- III: The determining role of the agricultural profit rate: A 'corn profit' model
- IV: The corn-profit interpretation elaborated
- V: The manufacturing profit rate
- VI: The effect of real-wage fluctuations
- VII: The inverse wage-profit or 'proportionality' theorem
- VIII: Further evidence for the proportionality theorem
- IX: Further elaborations in The Measure of Value
- X: Objections to the law of markets
- XI: Summary and conclusion
- III: Employment, aggregate demand, and money
- 11 SUSTAINABLE GROWTH: ACCUMULATION AND THE AGGREGATE-DEMAND PROBLEM
- I: Introduction
- II: Productive and unproductive labour
- III: The problem of sustainable growth
- IV: On working-class consumption
- V: On the determinants of saving
- VI: The 'glut' controversy elaborated
- VII: The attack on Say's Law: A micro-economic rationale
- VIII: Trade and sustainable growth
- IX: On the efficiency gains from trade: a digression
- X: Trade: The measurement problem
- XI: On the endogeneity of financial means
- XII: Distribution of property and sustainable growth
- XIII: 'Unproductive' consumption.
- XIV: 'New inventions' and sustainable growth
- XV: On gross and net revenue
- XVI: Secular stagnation in a development context
- XVII: Summary and conclusion
- 12 MACRO-ECONOMIC STABILIZATION AND APPLICATIONS
- I: Introduction
- II: Analysis of the wartime expansion
- III: Analysis of the postwar depression
- IV: The policy problem defined: A weighing of options
- V: Government expenditure and finance
- VI: Summary and conclusion
- 13 MONEY AND BANKING
- I: Introduction
- II: The case for gold
- III: Meaning and extent of a depreciated' currency, 1797-1811
- IV: Banking policy: Bank of England defence refuted
- V: Bullionism reinforced: A re-evaluation of changes in the value of bullion
- VI: Monetary policy
- VII: Summary and conclusion
- 14 TWO ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY ECONOMICS
- I: Introduction
- II: Malthus on remittances and the exchange rate: His initial statement
- III: Ricardo's response: The appendix to The High Price of Bullion
- IV: Further elaborations in correspondence
- V: The transfer problem: A summary
- VI: On the cost of obtaining the precious metals
- VII: Some empirical observations
- VIII: International prices: A summary
- IV: Some empirical estimates
- 15 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: PAST AND PROSPECTIVE
- I: Introduction
- II: Early formulations, 1798-1806
- III: The diminishing-returns principle applied, 1813-1814
- IV: Productivity estimates, 1815
- V: Productivity estimates, 1817
- VI: Empirical estimates in the Principles
- VII: Summary and conclusion
- 16 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: THE POPULATION PROBLEM
- I: Introduction
- II: Malthus on contemporary population growth, 1798 and 1803
- III: Contemporary and prospective agricultural development: A summary
- IV: The population problem
- V: Postwar evaluations
- VI: More on prudence
- VII: Summary.
- V: Trade policy and social welfare
- 17 AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
- I: Introduction
- II: Early opposition to 'commercial systems': 1803, 1806
- III: The 'free trade' position in 1813-1814
- IV: The case for protection, 1815: Aggregate activity, class distribution, and security
- V: The case for protection, 1815: A 'utilitarian' overview
- VI: 'Agricultural bias, ' 1815
- VII: Balanced growth and protectionism, 1817
- VIII: The case for intervention, 1820
- IX: Malthus's new position: The evidence
- X: The rationale for the policy transition
- XI: Summary and conclusion
- Appendix A: Gainful labour force and labour participation ratios, Great Britain, 1780-1851
- Appendix B: Digest of major Corn Laws
- Appendix C: Huskisson and others and the abandonment of agricultural protection
- 18 SOCIAL REFORM AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
- I: Introduction
- II: Policy objectives: 'High' wages and population growth
- III: On Malthus's 'pessimism'
- IV: The first (1798) Essay: Prudence vs poverty
- V: The transition from 1798: The moral calculus elaborated
- VI: Prologue to the theory of economic policy: The Principles
- VII: Labour policy and social control
- VIII: Income distribution
- IX: Conclusion
- 19 UTILITARIANISM IN A THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
- I: Introduction
- II: The theological chapters of the first Essay
- III: A utility calculus, 1798
- IV: Moral restraint and utilitarianism
- V: Prudential control and utilitarianism
- VI: More on the desirability of population expansion
- VII: Summary and conclusion
- CONCLUSION
- I: Introduction
- II: Malthus's positive case for deductive theory and his practice
- III: The formal critique of Ricardian theory
- IV: Methodological objections to Adam Smith
- V: On verification, prediction, and disturbing causes: The uses of economic theory.