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Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts : Fundamentals and Modeling.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Somerset :
Wiley,
2015.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; About the Author; Preface; Nomenclature; Chapter 1 Properties of Heavy Oils; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Refining of Petroleum; 1.2.1 Desalting; 1.2.2 Atmospheric or Primary Distillation; 1.2.3 Vacuum or Secondary Distillation; 1.2.4 Solvent Extraction and Dewaxing; 1.2.5 Deasphalting; 1.2.6 Gas and Liquid Sweetening; 1.2.7 Sour Water Treatment; 1.2.8 Catalytic Reforming; 1.2.9 Isomerization; 1.2.10 Alkylation; 1.2.11 Polymerization; 1.2.12 Catalytic Hydrotreating; 1.2.13 Fluid Catalytic Cracking; 1.2.14 Gasification; 1.2.15 Coking; 1.2.16 Visbreaking.
- 1.2.17 Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC)1.2.18 Hydrovisbreaking Process; 1.2.19 Fixed-Bed Hydroprocessing; 1.2.20 Moving-Bed Hydroprocessing; 1.2.21 Ebullated-Bed Hydroprocessing; 1.2.22 Slurry-Bed Hydroprocessing; 1.3 Properties of Heavy Petroleum; 1.3.1 Physical and Chemical Properties; 1.3.2 Asphaltenes; 1.3.3 Tendency to Coke Formation; 1.3.4 Viscosity of Crude Oils and Blends; 1.3.5 Stability and Compatibility; 1.4 Assay of Petroleum; References; Chapter 2 Properties of Catalysts for Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hydroprocessing Catalyst; 2.2.1 Catalyst Support.
- 2.2.2 Chemical Composition2.2.3 Shape and Size; 2.2.4 Pore Size Distribution; 2.2.5 Mechanical Properties; 2.2.6 Active Metals; 2.3 Characterization of Catalysts; 2.3.1 Activity; 2.3.2 Textural Properties; 2.3.3 Surface Properties; 2.4 General Aspects for Developing Catalysts for Hydroprocessing of Heavy Crude; 2.4.1 Preparation of Supports; 2.4.2 Preparation of Catalysts; 2.4.3 Characterization of Catalysts; 2.5 Catalyst for Maya Crude Oil Hydroprocessing; 2.5.1 Composition of Maya Crude Oil; 2.5.2 Catalyst Loading and Pretreatment; 2.5.3 Feedstocks and Characterization Techniques.
- 2.5.4 Active Sites and Catalytic Activity2.5.5 Experiments with Naphtha Diluted Feedstock; 2.5.6 Experiments with Diesel Diluted Feedstock; 2.5.7 Experiments with Pure Maya Crude Oil; 2.5.8 Characterization of Spent Catalysts; 2.5.9 Final Comments; 2.6 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3 Deactivation of Hydroprocessing Catalysts; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils; 3.2.1 General Aspects; 3.2.2 Reactors for Hydroprocessing; 3.2.3 Process Variables; 3.2.4 Effect of Reaction Conditions on Catalyst Deactivation; 3.3 Mechanisms of Catalyst Deactivation.
- 3.4 Asphaltenes and Their Effect on Catalyst Deactivation3.4.1 Thermal Reaction; 3.4.2 Catalytic Reaction; References; Chapter 4 Characterization of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalyst; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Characterization Techniques; 4.2.1 Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO); 4.2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; 4.2.3 Raman Spectrometry; 4.2.4 SEM-EDX Analysis; 4.2.5 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); 4.3 Early Deactivation of Different Supported CoMo Catalysts; 4.3.1 Experimental Procedure; 4.3.2 Results and Discussion; 4.3.3 Conclusions.