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Oil in the Sea : Inputs, Fates, and Effects.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1984.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Oil in the Sea; Copyright; Study Contributors; Preface; Contents; Introduction; Executive Summary; OVERVIEW; GENERAL ADVANCES: 1973-1983; Inputs; Methods; Fate; Effects; FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; Major Findings; Input of Petroleum; Major Finding; Major Recommendation; Study Methods: Chemical; Major Finding; Study Methods: Biological; Major Finding; Physical/Chemical Fate of Petroleum; Major Findings; Major Finding; Biological Fate of Petroleum; Major Findings; Major Recommendation; Amounts of Hydrocarbons in the Oceans; Major Findings; Effects; Major Finding; Major Finding.
- Major RecommendationsMajor Recommendation; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; 1 Chemical Composition of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Sources; INTRODUCTION; CRUDE OILS; REFINED PRODUCTS; OIL SEEPS AND ANCIENT SEDIMENTS; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; DIAGENETIC SOURCES; COMBUSTION SOURCES AND COMPARISON TO PETROLEUM; OTHER SOURCES; DIAGNOSING SOURCES OF HYDROCARBONS; Biogenic Sources; Characteristics of Undegraded Petroleum; Characteristics of Petroleum Altered by Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes; Characteristics of Combustion-Related Hydrocarbons; REFERENCES; 2 Inputs; INTRODUCTION; NATURAL SOURCES.
- Natural SeepsGeological Implications of Seepage Rates; Erosional Inputs of Petroleum; OFFSHORE PRODUCTION; Operational (Produced Water) Discharges; Minor Spills; Major Spills; MARINE TRANSPORTATION; OPERATIONAL DISCHARGES; Crude Oil; Product Oil; DRY-DOCKING; MARINE TERMINALS INCLUDING BUNKER OPERATIONS; BILGE AND FUEL OIL; Machine Space Bilges; Fuel Oil Sludge; Oily Ballast from Fuel Oil Tanks; ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGES; Tanker Accidents; Nontanker Accidents; ATMOSPHERE; COASTAL, MUNICIPAL, AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND RUNOFF; Municipal Wastewaters; Nonrefinery Industrial Wastes.
- Industrial Wastes from RefineriesUrban Runoff; River Discharges; OCEAN DUMPING; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INPUTS; SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; REFERENCES; 3 Chemical and Biological Methods; INTRODUCTION; General Strategies of Study Design; Sampling Procedures and Equipment; Statistical Design of Analytic Procedures in the Laboratory; Presenting Results from Complex Oil Pollution Studies; Designing Ecological Experiments to Study the Effects of Pollutants; An Oil Spill Survey Design; Summary; Part A Chemical Methods; INTRODUCTION; SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PRESERVATION; Sediments; Sediment Traps.
- Marine OrganismsSeawater; Sampling for Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrocarbons; Sample Preservation; SPILLED OIL CHARACTERIZATIONS; Sample Collection and Preservation; Analytical Methods; Field Information; Laboratory Information (Short Time Frame: Days to Weeks); Laboratory Information (Long Time Frame: Weeks to Months); MEASUREMENTS AND DETAILED ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES; General; Extraction of Organic Matter (High Molecular Weight, C11+) Hydrocarbons; Sediments; Tissues; Seawater; Concentration of Extract; Sample Cleanup and Fractionation; Polarity Fractionation; Size Fractionation.