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Drinking Water and Health.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1976.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Drinking Water and Health; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Historical Note; Importance of Water Filtration; Chlorination, The Most Significant Advance in Water Treatment; Summary; REFERENCES; I Approach to the Study ; INTRODUCTION; WATER CONSUMPTION; RISK AND SAFETY; MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS; PARTICULATE CONTAMINANTS; INORGANIC SOLUTES; ORGANIC SOLUTES; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS; SUSCEPTIBLE SUBGROUPS AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS; REFERENCES; II Chemical Contaminants: Safety And Risk Assessment ; EFFECTS ON HEALTH; Reversibility of Chemical Injury; Perspectives and Perceptions of Effects.
- Irreversible (Self-Propagating) EffectsNonreversible Effects; Reversible Effects; IRREVERSIBLE TOXICITY; Summary of Principles for Extrapolating Animal Toxicity To Humans; The General Problem of Extrapolation; Specific Problems in Extrapolation; Size of Animals; Number of Animals; Environmental Differences; Absorption; Distribution and Storage; Metabolic Differences; Excretion and Reabsorption; Differences in Receptor Sites; Design of Laboratory Experiments on Animals; Current Capability to Extrapolate; THRESHOLDS; Biological Considerations; Consideration of the Dose-Response Relationship.
- Examination of Experimental Dose-Response CurvesHeterogeneity of the Population; Statistical Considerations; HIGH-DOSE TO LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATION; Dose-Response Models; Appropriateness of Data for Low-Dose Extrapolation; INTERACTIONS; SUMMARY-CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS: SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT; Principle 1; Effects in Animals, Properly Qualified, are Applicable to Man; Principle 2; Methods do not Now Exist to Establish a Threshold for Long-Term Effects of Toxic Agents; Principle 3.
- The Exposure of Experimental Animals to Toxic Agents in High Doses is a Necessary and Valid Method of Discovering Possible ... Principle 4; Material Should be Assessed in Terms of Human Risk, Rather Than as ""Safe"" or ""Unsafe""; Principles To Be Used for Noncarcinogens and Nonmutagens; RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS; REFERENCES; III Microbiology of Drinking Water ; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTERIA; Number of Cells Required to Infect; Estimation of Disease Potential by Direct Quantitation of Bacterial Pathogens; Indicator Organisms; Escherichia Coli and the Coliform Group.
- Some Deficiencies of Coliforms as Indicator OrganismsOther Indicator Organisms; Rapid Methods for Coliform Counts; Sampling for the Coliform Test; Coliform Standards; United States Standards; International Standards; Statistical Limits; The Health Significance of the Coliform Test; Conclusion on Coliform Standard; The Standard Plate Count; Conclusions on Standard Plate Count; Recommendations for Research on Bacterial Contaminants; VIRUSES; History of the Enteric Viruses; Epidemiology; Recovery and Identification of Viruses; Factors Influencing Recovery; Cell-Culture Systems for Detection.