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Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1988.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests; Copyright; PREFACE; Contents; PART I THE COMMITTEE'S REPORT ; Executive Summary; CONCLUSIONS; RECOMMENDATIONS; Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests; Introduction; Using Markers in Combination; The Workshop; INTRODUCTORY PAPERS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS; PHYSIOLOGIC, MORPHOLOGIC, AND ECOLOGIC MARKERS; BIOCHEMICAL, CELLULAR, AND TISSUE-LEVEL MARKERS; Establishing Cause-and-Effect Relationships; Using Markers in Surveys and Experimental Studies; SURVEYS OF STRESS AND DAMAGE.
- CONTROLLED-EXPOSURE STUDIESEXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE MECHANISM; DEVELOPING A DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH; A Strategy for Using Biologic Markers of Stress in Forests; Conclusions and Recommendations; CONCLUSIONS; RECOMMENDATIONS; REFERENCES; PART II THE WORKSHOP PAPERS INTRODUCTORY SESSION ; Air Pollutant Distribution and Trends; INTRODUCTION; MAN-MADE SOX AND NOX EMISSION PATTERN AND TRENDS; WET DEPOSITION DATA FOR SULFATE, NITRATE, AND AMMONIA; Sulfate; Nitrate; Ammonia; AIRBORNE OZONE CONCENTRATION; VISIBILITY; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; References; Contents; Elevational Gradients/Local Chemistry.
- CLOUD EXPOSURE FREQUENCYCLOUD CHEMISTRY EXPOSURE; OZONE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT; DISCUSSION; Large-Scale Monitoring; RESULTS OF STUDIES IN THE NATIONAL VEGETATION SURVEY; Dendrochronology; Mapping and Geographic Information Systems; Mensuration and Statistics; Monitoring; DISCUSSION; References; The Use of Biomarkers to Monitor Forest Damage in Europe; INTRODUCTION; MONITORING FOREST HEALTH; THE USE OF BIOMARKERS; CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS; SUMMARY; References; Bioindicators in Air Pollution Research
- Applications and Constraints; INTRODUCTION.
- CLASSIFICATION OF ASSESSMENT METHODSCLASSIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL METHODS; BIOINDICATORS; EXAMPLES OF BIOINDICATORS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS:; CONCLUSIONS; References; Biological Markers: New and Emerging Technologies; INTRODUCTION; NEED FOR BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF MARKERS; NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES; SHORT-LIVED RADIOISOTOPE TECHNOLOGIES; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNOLOGIES; OTHER EMERGING MARKER TECHNOLOGIES; DISCUSSION; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; References; THE WORKSHOP PAPERS FOREST APPLICATIONS OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS: REGIONAL SESSION.
- Decline of Red Spruce in the Northern Appalachians: Determining if Air Pollution is an Important FactorINTRODUCTION; FACTORS RELATED TO THE OCCURRENCE AND SEVERITY OF SPRUCE DECLINE; THE POSSIBILITY OF AIR POLLUTION INVOLVEMENT; SUMMARY; References; Forest Applications of Biomarkers in Southeastern Forests; SUMMARY; References; Biomarkers for Defining Air Pollution Effects in Western Coniferous Forests; INTRODUCTION; VISUAL DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF EFFECTS; NEEDLE HISTOLOGY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF TISSUE; MANIPULATIONS THAT CLARIFY THE RESPONSE OF BIOMARKERS; SUMMARY; References.