Cargando…
Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade : Into the 21st Century.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1995.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Executive Summary; CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT; STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; ADDRESSING FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES; NOTE; 1 Introduction; FUNCTIONS OF STANDARDS; Commercial Communication; Technology Diffusion; Productive Efficiency; Enhanced Competition; Compatibility; Process Management; Public Welfare; CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT; STANDARDS, CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT, AND PUBLIC POLICY; Assessing the U.S. System; Public Welfare; U.S. International Trade Policy; NOTES; 2 Standards Development.
- SCOPE OF THE U.S. SYSTEMPRIVATE-SECTOR STANDARDS; Economic Rationale for Consensus Standardization; Voluntary Consensus Standardization Processes; Standards-Developing Organizations; American National Standards Institute; INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT; GOVERNMENT ROLE IN STANDARDIZATION; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Federal Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards; Public-Private Cooperation; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; NOTES; 3 Conformity Assessment; CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK; TESTING AND CERTIFICATION; Product Testing; Product Certification.
- Private and Public Certification Programs in the United StatesQUALITY SYSTEM REGISTRATION; ACCREDITATION AND RECOGNITION; Accreditation Services; Costs of Redundancy in U.S. Accreditation; Government Recognition of Accreditation Services; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; NOTES; 4 International Trade; STANDARDS, TRADE, AND U.S. ECONOMIC PROGRESS; Standards and the Economic Benefits of Trade Expansion; Cost of Protection: Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade; Barriers to Trade in Key U.S. Export Markets; MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM: THE URUGUAY ROUND; Membership and Expansion of Scope.
- Coverage of Conformity AssessmentExtension of Coverage to Nongovernmental Organizations; Dispute Settlement; U.S. TRADE POLICY AND SECTION 301; Overview of U.S. Trade Policy Formation and Implementation; Private-Sector Advisory Mechanisms; Removing Standards-Related Trade Barriers: Section 301; MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS; Background: Product Approval in the European Union; U.S.-European Union MRA Negotiations; Mutual Recognition Agreements: APEC; U.S. EXPORT PROMOTION; U.S. Export Promotion Policy; Case Example: Emerging Standards and Conformity Assessment Systems in Indonesia.
- A Model for Standards Assistance ActivitiesSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; NOTES; 5 Recommendations to Address Future Challenges and Opportunities; CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT; STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; MEETING FUTURE CHALLENGES; NOTES; Appendixes; Appendix A New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade: A Conference Summary; The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Economic Benefits Of International Trade; The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Standards And Technical Barriers To Trade; Standards And Technical Barriers To Trade: The European And Gatt Approaches.