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Active Solar Collectors and Their Applications.
1. Survey of Solar Equipment and Applications2. Solar Geometry3. Insolation Data and Models4. Collector Efficiency and Collector Testing5. Fundamentals of Optics for Solar Collectors6. Optics of Nontracking Collectors7. Tracking Concentrator Types8. Optical Analysis and Optimization of Parabolic Ref...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cary :
Oxford University Press,
1985.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1 SURVEY OF SOLAR EQUIPMENT AND APPLICATIONS; 1.1 The Promise and the Challenge of Solar Energy; 1.2 Survey of Applications; 1.3 Solar Collector Technology; 1.3.1 Flat Plates and Solar Ponds; 1.3.2 Evacuated Tubes; 1.3.3 Concentrating Collectors; 1.4 Thermal Storage Technologies; 1.5 Storage, Backup, and the Electric Utilities; References; 2 SOLAR GEOMETRY; 2.1 The Source of Radiation; 2.2 Sun-Earth Geometry; 2.3 Incidence Angles on Fixed Surfaces; 2.4 Incidence Angles on Tracking Surfaces; 2.5 Projected Incidence Angles; References; 3 INSOLATION DATA AND MODELS; 3.1 Solar Spectrum.
- 3.2 Types of Insolation3.3 Instruments for Measuring Solar Radiation; 3.4 Insolation Data; 3.5 Insolation Models; 3.5.1 Types of Models; 3.5.2 Clear Sky Radiation; 3.5.3 Correlations between Beam, Diffuse, and Hemispherical Radiation; 3.6 Long Term Average Insolation; 3.7 Frequency Distribution of Daily Radiation Values; 3.8 Yearly Irradiation on Aperture; 3.9 Seasonal Variation of Insolation; 3.10 Summary; References; 4 COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY AND COLLECTOR TESTING; 4.1 Definition of Instantaneous Collector Efficiency; 4.1.1 Specification of Insolation; 4.1.2 Optical Efficiency and U Value.
- 4.2 Efficiency Based on Fluid Temperature4.3 Incidence Angle Modifiers; 4.4 Test Results; 4.5 Standard Collector Test Procedures; 4.5.1 Instantaneous Efficiency; 4.5.2 Collector Time Constant; 4.6 Simplified Collector Test Procedures; 4.6.1 Measurement of Heat Loss; 4.6.2 Warm-up Test; 4.6.3 Masked Stagnation Test; 4.7 Measuring the Optical Quality of Focusing Collectors; References; 5 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICS FOR SOLAR COLLECTIORS; 5.1 Reflection; 5.1.1 The Law of Reflection; 5.1.2 Optics of Troughlike Reflectors-Projection of Ray Trace Diagram; 5.2 Refraction; 5.2.1 Snell's Law of Refraction.
- 5.2.2 Fresnel Equations5.2.3 Multiple Reflections; 5.2.4 Absorption in the Cover; 5.2.5 Absorption at the Absorber; 5.2.6 Optics of Glass Tubes; 5.3 Concentration of Solar Radiation; 5.3.1 Definition of Concentration Ratio; 5.3.2 Thermodynamic Limit of Concentration; 5.3.3 Acceptance of Diffuse Radiation; 5.3.4 Operating Temperature as a Function of Concentration; 5.4 Image Spread Due to Finite Source and Optical Errors; 5.4.1 Angular Distribution of Beam Radiation; 5.4.2 Statistics of Reflecting Surfaces; 5.4.3 Effect of Surface Errors on Width of Reflected Beam.
- 5.4.4 Combination of Optical Errors5.5 Image Spread for Line Focus Collectors; References; 6 OPTICS OF NONTRACKING COLLECTORS; 6.1 Compound Parabolic Concentrators; 6.2 Reflectors for Evacuated Tubes; 6.3 V-Troughs; 6.4 Side Reflectors; References; 7 TRACKING CONCENTRATOR TYPES; 7.1 Parabolic Reflectors; 7.2 Fresnel Reflectors; 7.2.1 Line-Focus and Point-Focus Central Receivers; 7.2.2 Tracking Motion for Linear Fresnel Reflectors; 7.2.3 Off-Axis Aberrations of Spherical Reflectors; 7.2.4 Curvature of Heliostats for Central Receiver; 7.3 Fresnel Lenses.