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Vaccines for the 21st Century : a Tool for Decisionmaking.
Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
2000.
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| Colección: | Online access: National Academy of Sciences National Academies Press.
Online access: NCBI NCBI Bookshelf. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Vaccines for the 21st Century
- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- THE ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK
- ETHICAL ISSUES
- RESULTS
- OBSERVATIONS
- 1 Introduction
- CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO THE MODEL AND THE STUDY
- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
- Charge to the Committee
- Committee Membership and Meetings
- Organization of the Report
- 2 Progress in Vaccine Development
- PRIORITIES OF THE IOM COMMITTEE IN 1985
- LITIGATION AS A BARRIER TO VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
- Immunization of Pregnant Women
- A CASE STUDY OF SUCCESS
- Disease BurdenPolio Vaccine Development
- Advantages of Evolving Vaccine Strategies
- ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR VACCINES
- Fundamental Understanding of Helper T Cells for Antibody Versus CMI Responses, and for Cytotoxicity
- Major Advances in Mucosal Immunity
- Mucosal Immune System Organization
- Molecular Aspects of Virulence and Design of Recombinant Protein Vaccines
- Novel Vaccine Delivery Systems
- Recent Advances in Development of Novel Adjuvants
- Scientific Rationale for Vaccines against Autoimmune DiseasesImmune Tolerance Induction
- Immune Deviation
- Receptor-Centered Regulation
- Targeting Cytokines or Their Receptors
- Viral Vectors in Autoimmune Therapy
- Preventive Vaccines for Autoimmune Diseases
- 3 Considerations of Candidate Vaccines
- EXCLUSION CRITERIA
- Insufficient Basic Science Information
- Existence of Appropriate Prevention Interventions
- International Burden of Disease
- ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR INCLUSION
- Therapeutic Vaccines
- Programmatic Considerations
- Delivery of Vaccines to ChildrenDelivery of Vaccines to Adults
- Delivery of Vaccines to Pregnant Women
- 4 Overview of Analytic Approach and Results
- A COST-EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH
- Reasons for Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Limits of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Ethical Issues
- Analytic Perspectives
- Time Horizon and Discounting
- MODEL OVERVIEW
- Health Benefits: The Denominator
- Quality Adjustments: Weighting
- Morbidity Scenarios
- Quality Adjustments for Average Population Health States
- Disease Incidence and Death Rates
- Time IntervalsQALYs Gained with Vaccine Use
- Costs: The Numerator
- Cost of Research and Development
- Cost of Vaccine Use
- Health Care Costs
- Vaccine Efficacy and Utilization
- Cost-Effectiveness Ratios
- Exclusions from the Analysis
- EXAMPLES: HYPOTHETICAL VACCINE X
- Target Population
- Program Considerations
- Disease Severity
- Discounting
- An Idealized Scenario
- Summary
- RESULTS
- Challenges
- 5 Review of the Analytic Model
- UNIT OF ANALYSIS
- IMPLEMENTING THE ANALYSIS
- Basic Model
- Performing the Analysis