Tabla de Contenidos:
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN URINARY TOXICOLOGY
  • COPYRIGHT
  • OTHER RECENT REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
  • PREFACE
  • CONTENTS
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • EFFECTS OF TOXIC EXPOSURE OF THE URINARY TRACT
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND EXPOSURE
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF EFFECT
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN EXTRAPOLATION
  • NEW TECHNOLOGIES
  • THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S RECOMMENDATIONS
  • General
  • The Kidney
  • The Bladder
  • The Prostate
  • Biologic Markers of Exposure and Susceptibility
  • Biologic Markers of Effect
  • Use of Biologic Markers in ExtrapolationNew Technologies
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • Markers of Exposure
  • Markers of Effect
  • Markers of Susceptibility
  • VALIDITY OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • ETHICAL ISSUES
  • STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
  • 2 TOXIC EXPOSURE OF THE URINARY TRACT
  • THE URINARY TRACT
  • Renal Blood Flow
  • Glomerular Filtration
  • Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
  • Hormonal Action
  • MECHANISMS OF RENAL TOXICITY
  • Susceptibility to Injury
  • Direct Toxic Effects
  • Renal Vascular Injury
  • Glomerular Capillary Injury
  • Renal Tubular-Cell InjuryIndirect Toxic Effects
  • Immunopathologic Mechanisms
  • Xenobiotic Metabolism
  • Necrosis and Apoptosis
  • HOST FACTORS IN RENAL TOXICITY
  • Changes with Renal Growth and Aging
  • Changes with Diet
  • Influence of Pre-existing Renal Function
  • Nephron Number at Birth
  • Acute Renal Disease
  • Chronic Renal Disease
  • Physiologic Responses to Renal Injury
  • Physiologic Changes with Compensatory Hypertrophy
  • Factors Associated with Progressive Low of Renal Function
  • CLINICAL EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ON THE KIDNEY
  • Acute Renal FailureTubulointestitial Nephritis
  • Chronic Glomerulonephritis
  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  • Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Hypertension
  • CANCER OF THE BLADDER, KIDNEY, AND PROSTATE
  • Tumor-Suppressor Genes, Oncogenes, and Growth Factors
  • Cancer of the Bladder
  • Cancer of the Kidney
  • Cancer of the Prostate
  • Interstitial Cystitis
  • ANIMAL MODELS OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS
  • SUMMARY
  • 3 BIOLOGIC MARKETS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND EXPOSURE
  • POPULATIONS AT RISK
  • Hereditary Susceptibility to Nephrotoxicity
  • Nutrition
  • Socioeconomic FactorsAge
  • Coexisting Chronic Disease
  • Addictive Behavior and Recreational Drug Use
  • Occupational or Environmental Exposure
  • MARKERS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY
  • Modifying Factors of Susceptibility
  • Parenchymal Renal Disease
  • Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Activation of Nephrotoxicants
  • Prostaglandin H Synthase-Dependent Activation of Nephrotoxicants
  • Glutathione-Dependent Activation of Nephrotoxicants
  • Extrarenal Conjugation and Interorgan Metabolism