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Learning to Predict Climate Variations Associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation : Accomplishments and Legaices of the TOGA Program.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1900.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- ""Learning to Predict Climate Variations Associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation""; ""Copyright""; ""PREFACE""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""CONTENTS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""1. INTRODUCTION""; ""EL NINO AND THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)""; ""CONCEPT OF THE TOGA PROGRAM""; ""PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT""; ""2. GROWTH OF THE TOGA PROGRAM""; ""ENSO: A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE PHENOMENON""; ""EMERGENCE OF A COHERENT EFFORT (1970�1984)""; ""DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOGA PROGRAM""; ""SCIENTIFIC PLAN FOR TOGA (1985)""; ""3. COMPONENTS OF THE U.S. TOGA PROGRAM""; ""OBSERVATIONS OF ENSO""
- ""TOGA Observing System""""Volunteer Observing Ships""; ""Surface Drifters""; ""Tide-Gauge Network""; ""TAO Array""; ""Satellite Observations""; ""Observing the Atmosphere and Ocean for TOGA""; ""Sea Surface Temperature""; ""Surface Wind and Stress""; ""Subsurface Temperature.""; ""Sea Level""; ""Heat and Moisture Fluxes""; ""Upper-Air Observations""; ""Other Quantities""; ""PROCESS STUDIES""; ""Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE)""; ""Central Pacific Experiment (CEPEX)""; ""Australian Monsoon Experiment (AMEX) / Equatorial Monsoon Experiment (EMEX)""
- ""Line Islands Array (LIA)""""Tropic Heat""; ""Tropic Heat II""; ""Tropical Instability Wave Experiment (TIWE).""; ""North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) Study""; ""Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation Study (WEPOCS)""; ""Western Tropical Atlantic Experiment (WESTRAX)""; ""Equatorial Pacific Experiment (EqPac)""; ""MODELING ENSO""; ""Ocean Models""; ""Atmospheric Models""; ""Coupled Models""; ""PREDICTION""; ""TOGA PRODUCTS""; ""Reanalysis""; ""TOGA CD-ROM Project""; ""PROBLEMS AND SHORTCOMINGS""; ""4. WHAT WE'VE LEARNED""; ""OBSERVATIONS OF ENSO IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC""
- ""Climatologies""""Evolution of Warm and Cold Events""; ""The Warming During 1990�1994""; ""EFFECTS OF ENSO ON THE REST OF THE GLOBE""; ""Tropics""; ""Middle Latitudes""; ""ENSO and the Asian-Australian Monsoon""; ""Carbon Dioxide and ENSO""; ""THEORIES OF ENSO""; ""The Mechanism of ENSO""; ""Irregularity of ENSO""; ""Annual Cycle and ENSO""; ""Optimal Growth of Disturbances and ENSO Predictability""; ""WORKING IN A LARGER COMMUNITY""; ""5. ORGANIZATION""; ""U.S. ORGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS""; ""NRC's TOGA Panel""; ""Interagency Coordination of Resources""; ""TOGA Project Office""
- ""Science Working Groups""""Coordination with International TOGA""; ""INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS""; ""TOGA as an Integral Part of the WCRP""; ""Scientific Steering Group (SSG)""; ""International Project Office""; ""Intergovernmental TOGA Board""; ""6. APPLICATIONS OF ENSO PREDICTION""; ""DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATIONS AND ASSESSMENTS""; ""APPLICATIONS OF REGIONAL ENSO FORECASTS""; ""Peru""; ""Northeast Brazil""; ""Australia""; ""Asia""; ""Other Foreign Regions""; ""United States""; ""7. THE FUTURE""; ""WHAT TOGA DIDN'T DO""; ""OBSTACLES TO PROGRESS""; ""Compartmentalization""