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Halophytes for food security in dry lands /

'Halophytes for Food Security in Dry Lands' addresses the concerns surrounding global food scarcity, especially focusing on those living in arid and dry lands. The book touches on food crises in dry regions of the world and proposes halophytes as an alternate source of consumption for such...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores:	Ajmal Khan, Muhammad (Editor ), Ozturk, Munir (Editor ), Gul, Bilques (Editor ), Zaheer Ahmed, Muhammed (Editor )
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Amsterdam : Elsevier, [2015]
Temas:	Halophytes. Food security. Arid regions agriculture. Sécurité alimentaire. Agriculture des régions arides. Arid regions agriculture Food security Halophytes
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Front Cover
Halophytes for Food Security in Dry Lands
Copyright Page
Contents
Foreword by Sheikha Abdulla Al Misnad
Foreword by Eiman Al-Mustafawi
List of Contributors
Introduction
1 Characterization and Function of Sodium Exchanger Genes in Aeluropus lagopoides Under NaCl Stress
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials and Methods
1.2.1 Plant Material
1.2.2 Isolation of the cDNA and Sequence Analysis of VNHX and PMNHX
1.2.3 Growth Conditions and Harvest
1.2.4 Quantification of Gene Expression by qRT-PCR
1.2.5 Measurement of Na+ in Plant Sap
1.2.6 Secretion of Na+
1.2.7 Malondialdehyde Content
1.2.8 Statistical Analyses
1.3 Results
1.3.1 Molecular Characterization of VNHX and PMNHX
1.3.2 Growth
1.3.3 Peroxidation of Lipid Membrane
1.3.4 Flux in Na+
1.3.5 Secretion of Na+
1.3.6 Gene Expression
1.4 Discussion
References
2 Multi-Temporal Soil Salinity Assessment at a Detailed Scale for Discriminating Halophytes Distribution
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Objective
2.3 Methodology
2.3.1 Area of Study
2.3.2 Design of the Soil Survey and Vegetation Inventories
2.3.3 Plants Inventory
2.3.4 Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.3.5 Electromagnetic Soil Salinity Survey, Geostatistics EMI Calibration and Mapping
2.4 Results and Discussion
2.4.1 EMI Survey
2.4.2 Vegetation Inventories and Relation with Salinity Gradients
2.4.3 Soil Properties
2.4.4 Maps of Predicted ECe (Calibrated)
2.4.5 Spatial Variation of Soil Salinity ECa at the Micro-Scale
2.4.6 Multi-Temporal EMI Measurement in Selected Vegetation Inventories
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 Nutritional Value of Chenopodium quinoa Seeds Obtained from an Open Field Culture Under Saline Conditions
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Site Experiment.
3.2.2 Experimental Design and Irrigation Protocol
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Yield Data
3.3.2 Composition
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Halophytes and Saline Vegetation of Afghanistan, a Potential Rich Source for People
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methods
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Vegetation
4.3.2 The Halophytic Flora and Useful Halophytes
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
5 Comparison of Seed Production and Agronomic Traits of 20 Wild Accessions of Salicornia bigelovii Torr. Grown Under Greenh ...
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Relevant Biology of S. bigelovii
5.2.2 Source of Wild Accessions
5.2.3 Experimental Design
5.2.4 Greenhouse Procedures and Crop Observations
5.2.5 Harvest and Processing
5.2.6 Seed Purity and Proximate Analysis
5.2.7 Environmental Measurements
5.2.8 Statistical Methods
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Survival and Growth
5.3.2 Temperature Effects
5.3.3 Oil Content
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusion
5.6 Acknowledgment
References
6 Carbon Mitigation: A Salt Marsh Ecosystem Service in Times of Change
6.1 Salt Marshes: Key Ecosystems
6.2 Salt Marsh Sediments: Sinks or Sources?
6.3 Halophytes: An Efficient Carbon Pump
6.4 Out-Welling Carbon
6.5 Hydrological Control of Carbon Stocks
6.6 Global Warming and Carbon Stocks
6.7 CO2 Rising in Salt Marshes: Improvement or Constraint?
6.8 Final Remarks
References
7 Food Security in the Face of Salinity, Drought, Climate Change, and Population Growth
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Problem of Food Security
7.3 The Problem of Salinity in Agriculture
7.4 Fitting Crops to the Environment-A Place for Halophytes?
7.4.1 Option 1
7.4.2 Option 2
7.4.3 Option 3
7.4.4 Option 4
7.5 Concluding Remarks
References.
8 The Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems for Nature Protection and Food Productivity: Actions of UNESCO's Man and the Biosph ...
8.1 UNESCO Normative Tools to Ensure the Protection of the Environment and Its Wise Use
8.2 The MAB and Its World Network of Biosphere Reserves
8.3 Distribution and Socio-Economic and Environmental Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems
8.4 Actions of UNESCO's MAB
8.5 Actions in Biosphere Reserves
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 The Potential Use of Halophytes for the Development of Marginal Dry Areas in Morocco
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Bio-Climate in Morocco
9.3 Biodiversity in Morocco
9.4 Vulnerability of Morocco to Climate Variations
9.5 Problems of Salinity in Morocco
9.6 Agriculture in Massa and Drâa Valleys
9.7 Potential Use of Halophytes in Areas Affected by Salinity
9.8 Youth Potential in Arid Areas in Morocco
9.9 Conclusion
References
10 Halophyte Transcriptomics: Understanding Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Transcriptome Sequencing Overview
10.3 Applications of RNA Studies
10.4 NGS Approaches for Salt-Tolerance Studies
10.5 Genes Involved in General Metabolism
10.5.1 Genes for Cell Maintenance
10.5.2 Stress Genes
10.5.3 Photosynthetic Genes
10.5.4 Mitochondrial and ROS Related Genes
10.5.5 Proline and Other Amino Acids
10.5.6 Genes Encoding Plant Hormones
10.5.7 Genes Encoding Ion Transporters
10.5.7.1 Antiporters
10.5.7.2 Aquaporin
10.6 Regulatory Molecules
10.7 LEA Protein Coding Genes
10.8 Other Genomic Elements
10.9 Pathways
10.10 Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgment
References
11 Sustainable Diversity of Salt-Tolerant Fodder Crop-Livestock Production System Through Utilization of Saline Natural Res ...
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Egypt's General Characteristics.
11.3 General Characteristics of Project Location in Sinai Region
11.3.1 North Sinai
11.3.2 Ras Sudr Area
11.4 Main Activities and Results
11.4.1 Development and Transfer of Farmer-Based Seed Production Technologies
11.4.2 Production and Dissemination of a Package of Efficient Forage Production and Utilization Suitable for Marginal Envir ...
11.4.2.1 Winter Season
11.4.2.2 Summer Season
11.4.3 Fodder Crop Utilization and Livestock Production
11.4.3.1 Chemical Composition of Fodder Crop Species
11.4.3.2 Evaluate the Nutritive Value of the Introduced Fodder Crop Species
11.4.3.3 Evaluate the Reproductive and Productive Performance of Sheep and Goats Fed the Tested Plant Species
11.4.4 Capacity Building and Economic Assessment
11.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12 Insights into the Ecology and the Salt Tolerance of the Halophyte Cakile maritima Using Multidisciplinary Approaches
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Latitudinal Distribution and Taxonomic Diversity
12.3 Dispersal and Environmental Adaptation
12.4 Basis of the Tolerance to Salinity
12.4.1 Physiological Mechanisms
12.4.2 Early Responses to Salinity are Crucial to Distinguish Between Halophytes and Glycophytes
12.4.2.1 Early Osmotic and Ionic Effects of Salinity
12.4.2.2 Early Antioxidant Responses
12.4.3 Cellular Mechanisms
12.5 Cakile maritima: Model Halophyte for Future Research in Salt-Stress Physiology
References
13 Exogenous Chemical Treatments Have Differential Effects in Improving Salinity Tolerance of Halophytes
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Materials and Methods
13.2.1 Test Species
13.2.2 Seed Collection Sites
13.2.3 Experiment 1: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination
13.2.4 Experiment 2: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Growth.
13.2.5 Experiment 3: Effect of Water-Spray on Salinity Tolerance
13.2.6 Statistical Analyses
13.3 Results
13.3.1 Experiment 1: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination
13.3.2 Experiment 2: Effect of Salinity and Exogenous Chemical Treatments on Growth
13.3.3 Experiment 3: Effect of Water-Spray on Salinity Tolerance
13.4 Discussion
13.4.1 Seed Germination Responses to Salinity and Chemical Treatments
13.4.2 Growth Responses to Salinity and Chemical Treatments
13.4.3 Involvement of Water-Spray in Salinity Injury Mitigation
13.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
14 Food and Water Security for Dry Regions: A New Paradigm
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Water and Food Production
14.3 Conventional Solutions
14.4 Nonconventional Solutions
14.5 Potential Uses of Halophytes
14.5.1 Food
14.5.2 Fodder, Feed, Forage
14.5.3 Medicine
14.5.4 Edible Oil
14.5.5 Biofuel
14.6 What We Have Done
14.6.1 Fodder
14.6.2 Medicine
14.6.3 Edible Oil
14.6.4 Biofuel
14.7 Future Directions, Pitfalls, and Possibilities
References
15 Genetic and Environmental Management of Halophytes for Improved Livestock Production
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Potential Forage and Crop Solutions
15.3 Halophytes for Livestock
15.4 Current Limitations in the Use of Halophytes for Livestock Production
15.5 Genetic Improvement of Halophytes for Livestock
15.6 Environmental Manipulation
15.6.1 Water
15.6.2 Salinity
15.6.3 Fertilizer
15.7 Conclusions
References
16 Drought and Salinity Differently Affect Growth and Secondary Metabolites of "Chenopodium quinoa Willd" Seedlings
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Materials and Methods
16.2.1 Plant Material
16.2.2 Plantlet Growth in Pots
16.2.3 Determination of Enzyme Activities.

Halophytes for food security in dry lands /

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