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Pediatric atlas of ultrasound- and nerve stimulation-guided regional anesthesia /
This is the first comprehensive text-atlas that shows how to use ultrasound technology and nerve stimulation techniques to guide regional blockade in children. Clinical chapters follow a sequential, highly illustrated format that provides step-by-step guidance and include cases, clinical pearls, and...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York, NY :
Springer,
[2016]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Equipment and Technique for Nerve Stimulation and Ultrasound Guidance in Regional Anesthesia; 1: Regional Block Area Setup, Equipment, and Monitoring; 1.1 Differences Between the Pediatric and Adult Populations That Affect Regional Blocks; 1.2 Block Area and Monitoring; 1.2.1 General Equipment; 1.2.2 Emergency Drugs and Resuscitating Equipment; 1.2.3 Resuscitation Equipment; 1.2.4 Resuscitation Drugs (Intravenous Doses); 1.2.5 Monitoring; 1.2.6 Nerve Block and Catheter Equipment; 1.2.7 Needles.
- 1.2.7.1 Needle Tip Design1.2.7.2 Needle Lengths; 1.2.7.3 Needle Gauges; 1.2.7.4 Other Needle Designs; 1.2.8 Peripheral Nerve Catheters; 1.2.9 Neuraxial Nerve Blocks/Catheters; 1.2.10 Additional Equipment; 1.2.10.1 Nerve Stimulator; 1.2.10.2 Ultrasound Machine; 1.2.10.3 Injection Pressure Monitoring; 1.2.10.4 Syringe/Infusion Pumps; Suggested Reading; 2: Pediatric Electrical Nerve Stimulation; 2.1 Nerve Stimulation Procedure; 2.2 Electrophysiology; 2.2.1 Characteristics of Electrical Impulses; 2.2.2 Current Intensity and Duration; 2.2.3 Rate of Current Change.
- 2.2.4 Polarity of Stimulating and Returning Electrodes2.2.5 Distance-Current Relationship; 2.2.6 Current Density of Electrodes and Injectates; 2.2.7 Electrodes; 2.2.8 Injectates; 2.2.9 Electrical Impedance; 2.3 Electrical Epidural Stimulation; 2.3.1 Test Equipment and Procedure; 2.4 Mechanisms of the Epidural Stimulation Test; 2.4.1 Stimulating Epidural Catheter Requirements; 2.4.2 Effective Conduction of Electrical Current; 2.4.3 Advancement of the Catheter; 2.4.4 Considerations for Test Performance and Interpretation; 2.4.5 Limitations of Epidural Stimulation.
- 2.5 Useful Equipment Features in Nerve Stimulation2.5.1 Constant Current Output and Display; 2.5.2 Variable Pulse Width and Frequency; 2.5.3 Other Features; 2.6 Practical Considerations; 2.6.1 Documentation; 2.6.2 Population Considerations; 2.6.3 Does Nerve Stimulation Make a Difference?; References; Suggested Reading; 3: Ultrasound Basics; 3.1 Basic Ultrasound Physics and Technology; 3.1.1 Basic Principles; 3.2 Transducers; 3.2.1 Types of Ultrasound Transducers; 3.3 Sound Wave Properties in Tissue; 3.3.1 Speed of Sound; 3.3.2 Reflection; 3.3.3 Scattering; 3.3.4 Resolution.
- 3.3.5 Refraction3.3.6 Absorption; 3.4 Optimization of Image Quality: Knobology; 3.4.1 Frequency; 3.4.2 Depth; 3.4.3 Gain; 3.4.4 Time Gain Compensation; 3.4.5 Focal Zone; 3.4.6 Doppler Ultrasound; 3.5 Anisotropy and Artifacts; 3.5.1 Anisotropy; 3.5.2 Artifacts; 3.6 Echogenic Appearance of Various Tissues; 3.7 Equipment Selection; 3.8 Current Advances for Future Developments; 3.8.1 Compound Imaging; 3.8.2 Single-Crystal Transducers; 3.8.3 Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUT); 3.8.4 Sonix GPS (Ultrasonix Medical Corp, Richmond, BC, Canada).