WHOIS running the Internet : protocol, policy, and privacy /

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"This book provides a comprehensive overview of WHOIS. The text begins with an introduction to WHOIS and an in-depth coverage of its forty-year history. Afterwards it examines how to use WHOIS and how WHOIS fits in the overall structure of the Domain Name System (DNS). Other technical topics co...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Bruen, Garth O.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2015.
Temas:
WHOIS (Computer network protocol)
Internet domain names > Government policy.
Privacy, Right of.
COMPUTERS > Information Technology.
Privacy, Right of
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Introduction: What is WHOIS? 1
  • I.1 Conventions Used in this Text 4
  • I.2 Flow of this Text 5
  • I.3 WHOIS from versus WHOIS about 5
  • I.4 Origin of the Term WHOIS 6
  • I.5 Why WHOIS Is Important (or Should Be) to Everyone 7
  • I.6 What Kind of Use and Contact is Permitted for WHOIS 7
  • I.7 Where is the WHOIS Data? 8
  • I.8 Identifying Remote Communication Sources 8
  • I.9 Getting Documentation 11
  • 1 The History of WHOIS 13
  • 1.1 In the Beginning 13
  • 1.2 The Sands of Time 14
  • 1.2.1 Seals 15
  • 1.2.2 From Signal Fires on the Great Wall to Telegraphy 15
  • 1.2.3 The Eye of Horus 17
  • 1.3 1950s: On the Wires and in the Air 18
  • 1.3.1 Sputnik Changes Everything 18
  • 1.3.2 Telegraphs, Radio, Teletype, and Telephones 19
  • 1.3.3 WRU: The First WHOIS 20
  • 1.4 1960s: Sparking the Internet to Life 26
  • 1.4.1 SRI, SAIL, and ITS 26
  • 1.4.2 Doug Engelbart: The Father of Office Automation 27
  • 1.5 1970s: Ok, Now That We Have an Internet, How Do We Keep Track of Everyone? 27
  • 1.5.1 Elizabeth “Jake” Feinler 27
  • 1.5.2 The ARPANET Directory as Proto‐WHOIS 27
  • 1.5.3 The Site Status List 28
  • 1.5.4 Distribution of the HOSTS Table 30
  • 1.5.5 Finger 30
  • 1.5.6 Sockets 31
  • 1.5.7 Into the VOID with NLS IDENTFILE 32
  • 1.5.8 NAME/FINGER RFC 742 (1977) 33
  • 1.5.9 Other Early Models 35
  • 1.6 1980s: WHOIS Gets Its Own RFC 36
  • 1.6.1 The DNS 37
  • 1.6.2 WHOIS Updated for Domains (1985) 38
  • 1.6.3 Oops! The Internet Goes Public 39
  • 1.7 1990s: The Internet as We Know It Emerges 40
  • 1.7.1 Referral WHOIS or RWhois RFC 1714 (1994) 41
  • 1.7.2 WHOIS++ RFCs 1834 and 1835 (1995) 41
  • 1.7.3 ICANN Takes over WHOIS (1998) 42
  • 1.8 2000s: WHOIS Standards 42
  • 1.8.1 ICANN’s Registrar Accreditation Agreement and WHOIS (2001) 43
  • 1.8.2 WHOIS Protocol Specification 2004 RFC 3912 (2004) 43
  • 1.8.3 Creaking of Politics 44
  • References 45
  • 2 Using WHOIS 47
  • 2.1 Domain WHOIS Data 48
  • 2.1.1 Record Terminology 48
  • 2.2 Domain WHOIS Fields 52
  • 2.2.1 Status 54
  • 2.2.2 Registrar 54
  • 2.2.3 Nameservers 55
  • 2.2.4 Registrant, Administrative, Technical, and Billing 56
  • 2.2.5 Names and Organizations 56
  • 2.2.6 Emails 57
  • 2.2.7 Addresses 58
  • 2.2.8 Phone Numbers 58
  • 2.2.9 Record Dates 59
  • 2.2.10 DNSSEC 59
  • 2.2.11 Other Information 60
  • 2.3 Getting Records about Various Resources 60
  • 2.3.1 Starting at the Top: The Empty Domain 60
  • 2.3.2 Query WHOIS for a TLD as a Domain 61
  • 2.3.3 WHOIS for a Registrar or Registry 62
  • 2.3.4 Nameservers 63
  • 2.3.5 Registrar and Registry 64
  • 2.3.6 Special Cases 65
  • 2.3.7 Dealing with Weird Results 73
  • 2.4 IP WHOIS 74
  • 2.4.1 Five Regional NICs 75
  • 2.4.2 CIDR and ASN 80
  • 2.4.3 IPv4 and IPv6 81
  • 2.5 ccTLDs and IDNs 82
  • 2.5.1 ccTLDs 82
  • 2.5.2 IDNs 84
  • 2.5.3 Language versus Script 85
  • 2.5.4 ASCII 85
  • 2.5.5 Unicode 86
  • 2.5.6 Getting WHOIS Records for IDNs 87
  • 2.6 WHOIS Services 87
  • 2.6.1 Port 43 Command Line or Terminal 88
  • 2.6.2 Clients 89
  • 2.6.3 Representational State Transfer (RESTFul) WHOIS 97
  • 2.6.4 Web‐Based WHOIS 97
  • 2.6.5 Telnet to WHOIS Server 99
  • 2.6.6 More Services, Software, and Packages 100
  • 2.6.7 WHOIS Functions, Switches, and Tricks 102
  • 2.6.8 Obscure, Archaic, and Obsolete WHOIS Services 104
  • References 105
  • 3 Research and Investigations 107
  • 3.1 Completely Disassembling a WHOIS Record 108
  • 3.1.1 A Normal, Safe Domain: cnn.com 108
  • 3.1.2 Deconstructing the WHOIS for a Spammed Domain 116
  • 3.1.3 Illicit Domain WHOIS 120
  • 3.1.4 Virus Domain WHOIS 121
  • 3.1.5 Tracking Cybersquatters and Serial Trademark Violators 123
  • 3.1.6 Network Security Administrator Issues 124
  • 3.1.7 Protecting Your Domain with Accurate WHOIS 125
  • 3.2 More Tools 126
  • 3.2.1 Ping 126
  • 3.2.2 Traceroute 126
  • 3.2.3 Secondary Sources, Historical Data, and Additional Tools 126
  • References 129
  • 4 WHOIS in the Domain Name System (DNS) 131
  • 4.1 The Big Mistake 131
  • 4.2 Basics of the DNS 133
  • 4.2.1 TCP/IP, Layers, and Resolvers 133
  • 4.2.2 How a Domain Becomes a Website 134
  • 4.2.3 WHOIS Pervades the DNS 134
  • 4.2.4 ICANN, IANA, Registries, and Registrars 135
  • 4.2.5 .ARPA: Special Architectural TLD 138
  • 4.2.6 Setting the Example with Reserved Domains 139
  • 4.2.7 DNS RFCs 882, 883, 1033, and 1034 140
  • 4.3 DNS RR 141
  • 4.3.1 Berkeley Internet Name Domain 141
  • 4.3.2 Shared WHOIS Project 141
  • 4.3.3 Using the DiG 142
  • 4.3.4 Graphic DNS Software and Websites 145
  • 4.3.5 Finding Hidden Registrars and Tracking Roots 146
  • 4.3.6 Traceroute 150
  • 4.4 Outside the DNS: An Internet without WHOIS 153
  • 4.4.1 The Onion Routing 153
  • 4.4.2 .ONION and Other TLDs 155
  • Reference 157
  • 5 WHOIS Code 159
  • 5.1 Automating WHOIS with Batching and Scripting 159
  • 5.1.1 DiG Example 159
  • 5.1.2 DOS Batch File Example 160
  • 5.1.3 VBScript Example 160
  • 5.2 WHOIS Client Code 161
  • 5.2.1 What a WHOIS Client Should Do 161
  • 5.2.2 Early Versions 163
  • 5.2.3 C/C++ 164
  • 5.2.4 Perl 168
  • 5.2.5 Java 169
  • 5.2.6 Recursive Python WHOIS by Peter Simmons 169
  • 5.2.7 Lisp WHOIS by Evrim Ulu 169
  • 5.3 Web WHOIS Forms 170
  • 5.3.1 Creating a WHOIS Web Interface with PHP 170
  • 5.4 Parsing WHOIS Records 171
  • 5.4.1 Ruby WHOIS by Simone Carletti 171
  • 5.4.2 Regular Expressions 173
  • 6 WHOIS Servers 175
  • 6.1 Historical Servers 176
  • 6.2 Server Standards and ICANN Requirements 177
  • 6.3 Finding the Right Server 178
  • 6.4 Installing and Configuring WHOIS Servers 180
  • 6.4.1 JWhoisServer by Klaus Zerwes 180
  • 6.4.2 WHOIS Daemon 186
  • 6.5 WHOIS Database 186
  • 7 WHOIS Policy Issues 189
  • 7.1 The WHOIS Policy Debate 189
  • 7.1.1 Basic Policy 191
  • 7.1.2 ICANN Registrar Accreditation Agreement WHOIS Standards 191
  • 7.1.3 Lack of Language Support in WHOIS 193
  • 7.1.4 Abuses 193
  • 7.1.5 Privacy 195
  • 7.1.6 Source of Concerns 197
  • 7.1.7 Creating Balance 197
  • 7.1.8 European Privacy Laws and WHOIS 200
  • 7.1.9 Drawing the Line 201
  • 7.1.10 Uniform Domain‐Name Dispute‐Resolution Policy 203
  • 7.1.11 WHOIS Inaccuracy, Falsification, Obfuscation, and Access Denial 209
  • 7.2 Studies, Reports, and Activities on WHOIS 209
  • 7.2.1 SSAC (2002) 210
  • 7.2.2 Benjamin Edelman Congressional Testimony on WHOIS (2003) 210
  • 7.2.3 US Government Accountability Office Report on Prevalence of False Contact Information in WHOIS (2005) 211
  • 7.2.4 WHOIS Study Hypotheses Group Report to the GNSO Council (2008) 211
  • 7.2.5 National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago (2009) 212
  • 7.2.6 WHOIS Policy Review Team Final Report (2012) 212
  • 7.3 WHOIS Enforcement and Nonenforcement at ICANN 213
  • 7.3.1 Tracking ICANN’s Response to WHOIS Inaccuracy 215
  • 7.3.2 ICANN Compliance Designed for Failure 218
  • 7.3.3 ICANN’s Contract with Registrars Not Enforceable on WHOIS Accuracy 219
  • References 223
  • 8 The Future of WHOIS 225
  • 8.1 New gTLDs 226
  • 8.2 WHOIS‐Based Extensible Internet Registration Data Service (WEIRDS) 227
  • 8.3 Aggregated Registry Data Services (ARDS) 230
  • 8.4 Truly Solving the Problem 231
  • 8.5 Conclusion: The Domain Money Wall—or Why ICANN Will Never Fix WHOIS 232
  • Appendix A: WHOIS Code 237
  • Appendix B: WHOIS Servers 293
  • Index 331.

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