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Process steam systems : a practical guide for operators, maintainers, and designers /
Comprehensively describes the equipment used in process steam systems, good operational and maintenance practices, and techniques used to troubleshoot system problems -Explains how an entire steam system should be properly designed, operated and maintained -Includes chapters on commissioning and tro...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken, New Jersey :
Wiley,
[2015]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Preface xi; Acknowledgements xiii; List of Examples xv; List of Tables xvii; 1 Steam: A Heat Transfer Fluid 1; What is Steam? 1; Steam Is Safe and Flexible 2; Steam Is Easy to Control 2; Steam System Types 3; The Process Steam System 6; 2 Steam Formation, Accumulation, and Condensation 9; The Formation of Steam; Boiling 9; Pressure and Boiling 11; The Ideal Gas Law 11; The Boiling Process 13; Steaming 14; Latent and Sensible Heat versus Pressure 16; The Formation of Flash Steam 16; Steam Accumulation and Storage 18; Condensation of Steam 20; 3 Understanding Heat Transfer 23; Radiation Type Heat Transfer 23; Conduction Type Heat Transfer 26; Convection?]Type Heat Transfer 29; The Heat Transfer Equations 31; The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) 31; Mean Temperature Difference (Tm) 33; Tm for a Steam Boiler 34; Tm for a Steam to Process Fluid Heat Exchanger 35; Surface Area (m) 35; Heat Flux 37; 4 Steam Quality: It Matters 39; Why Steam Quality is Important 40; Poor Steam Quality Cause and Cures 40; Steam Classifications 43; Measuring Steam Quality 45; Superheated Steam 46; 5 Boiler Room Considerations 49; Steam Generator Selection 49; Codes and Standards 49; Steam System Performance Considerations 53; Environmental Considerations 55; Boiler Room Utilities 60; 6 The Steam Generator 67; The Ideal Steam Generator 68; Steam Generator Types 70; Fossil Fuel?]Fired Boilers 70; Solid Fuel?]Fired Boilers 76; Electric Boilers 78; Unfired Steam Generators 81; 7 Boiler Trim, Fuel Delivery, and Combustion Control System 83; The Packaged Boiler Concept 83; Fuel Delivery and Combustion Systems 91; Low Emissions 98; 8 The Steam Delivery System 103; Steam Flow 103; Steam Distribution Piping 104; Control Valves 115; Steam Accumulators 121; Steam Filtration 124; Sensing Equipment 126; Stop and Safety Valves 127; 9 The Condensate Recovery System 131; Condensate Line Sizing 133; Steam Trap Applications 136; Thermostatic Group 136; Mechanical Group 136; Thermodynamic Group 136; Thermostatic Steam Trap Group 136; Mechanical Group 138; Thermodynamic Group 141; Flash Steam Utilization 144; How to Size Flash Tanks and Vent Lines 145; Condensate Collection 147; Electric Condensate Return System 148; Pressure Motive Condensate Pump 150; Pressure Motive Pump Installation Requirements 150; Pumped Condensate Return Line Installation 153; Surge Tank Application 153; 10 The Feed Water System 155; Feed Water Deaeration 155; The Elimination of Dissolved Gases 156; Feed Water Tanks 158; Feed Water Tank Sizing 160; Feed Water Pumps 162; Feed Water Pump Sizing 166; Feed Water Piping 167; 11 Steam System Chemistry Control 171; Basic Water Chemistry 171; Scale Control 172; Fouling Control 176; Corrosion Control 177; Boiler Blowdown (BD) 180; Best Operating Practices for Boiler BD 181; Automatic versus Manual BD Controls 181; Determining BD Rate 181; Chemical Feed Systems 183; Chemistry Limits 186; 12 Steam System Applications 187; High?]Pressure Steam with High Condensate Returns 189; Low?]Pressure Steam with High Condensate Returns 190; High?] or Low?]Pressure Steam with Little or No Returns 192; High?]Pressure or Superheated Steam with Condensate Returns 195; Multiple Boiler Installations 195; Specialized Steam Equipment 197; Back Pressure Turbine or BPT 197; Steam Hydro Heater 198; Steam Superheaters 200; Steam Discharge Mufflers 202; 13 Steam System Efficiency 205; The System Heat Balance 205; Boiler Heat Balance 207; Boiler Efficiency 207; Steam System Efficiency 213; Boiler Internal Cleanliness 216; Steam Delivery System Efficiency 217; Condensate and Feed Water System Efficiency 217; Biomass Fuel Water Content Reduction 219; 14 Shutdown, Startup, Inspection, and Maintenance 223; Shutdown and Startup Practices 223; Boiler Safety Checks 225; Maintenance and Inspection Practices 227; Inspections 228; Boil Out and Layup Practices 231; 15 Troubleshooting and Commissioning Basics 235; Startup versus Commissioning 235; Approach to Troubleshooting 236; Don't Play the Blame Game 236; Precommissioning 237; 16 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Steam Generator 239; Determining Boiler Input, Output, and Efficiency 239; Boiler Performance Test 241; Commissioning the Boiler/Burner Controls 243; Commissioning the Boiler Pressure Control System 243; Commissioning the Boiler Level Control System 244; Commissioning the Boiler Blowdown Controls 244; Steam Boiler Troubleshooting 244; 17 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Steam Delivery System 253; Steam Distribution Piping 253; Control Valves 254; Steam Piping Venting 255; Condensate Trapping/Draining 255; Troubleshooting the Steam Delivery System 255; 18 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Condensate and Feed Water System 257; Condensate Collection 257; Feed Water System 258; Troubleshooting the Condensate and Feed Water Systems 259; 19 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Water Treatment Equipment 263; Setting Up the Water Treatment Systems 263; Troubleshooting Water Treatment System Problems 264; Appendix A References and Reference Information 267; Appendix B Operations, Maintenance, and Inspection Guidance 283; Appendix C Steam System Design and Commissioning Guidance 293; Index 301