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Chemistry of the climate system /
Climate change is a major challenge facing the modern world. The chemistry of air and it's influence on the climate system forms the main focus of this monograph. The book presents a problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric processes, evaluating the effects of changing air compos...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Berlin [Germany] ; Boston [Massachusetts] :
De Gruyter,
2014.
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| Edición: | 2nd fully revised and extended edition. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1 Introduction; 1.1 Air and atmosphere
- a multiphase and multi-component system; 1.2 Chemistry and environmental research; 1.3 A historical perspective of air, water and chemistry; 1.3.1 From Antiquity to the Renaissance: Before the discovery of the air composition; 1.3.2 Discovery of the composition of air and water; 1.3.3 Discovery of trace substances in air; 1.3.4 Dust and acid rain: Air pollution; 2 Chemical evolution; 2.1 The pre-biological period; 2.1.1 Origin of elements, molecules and the earth; 2.1.2 Origin of organic bonded carbon; 2.1.2.1 What is organic chemistry?
- 2.1.2.2 Origin of carbon2.1.3 Origin of nitrogen; 2.2 Evolution of the atmosphere; 2.2.1 Degassing of the earth: The formation of the atmosphere; 2.2.1.1 Volcanic gases; 2.2.1.2 Gases occluded and produced from rocks; 2.2.1.3 The pre-biological primitive atmosphere; 2.2.2 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; 2.2.2.1 Origin of life; 2.2.2.2 The rise of oxygen and ozone: Biogeochemical evolution; 2.2.2.3 Photosynthesis: Non-equilibrium redox processes; 2.2.2.4 A short history of understanding the process of photosynthesis; 2.2.2.5 The carbon and oxygen pools and global cycling.
- 2.2.2.6 Life limits by catastrophic events: Mass extinctions2.3 The earth's energy sources; 2.3.1 Solar radiation; 2.3.1.1 The sun and its radiation output; 2.3.1.2 Solar radiation transfer through the atmosphere; 2.3.2 Absorption and emission of light; 2.3.2.1 Absorption (Lambert-Beer law); 2.3.2.2 Emission (Planck's law and Stefan-Boltzmann's law); 2.3.3 Terrestrial radiation and radiation budget; 2.3.4 Geothermal energy; 2.3.5. Renewable energy; 2.3.5.1 Wind energy; 2.3.5.2 Water energy; 2.3.5.3 Bioenergy; 2.3.5.4 Comparison among earth's energy sources
- potential for humans.
- 2.3.6 Abiogenic versus biogenic formation of "fossil fuels"2.3.7 The energy problem; 2.4 The biosphere and global biogeochemical cycles; 2.4.1 Biosphere and the noosphere; 2.4.2 Biogeochemical cycling: The principles; 2.4.3 Global biogeochemical cycles; 2.4.3.1 Nitrogen; 2.4.3.2 Sulfur; 2.4.3.3 Chlorine; 2.4.4 What is the role of life in the earth's climate system?; 2.5 The hydrosphere and the global water cycle; 2.5.1 Water: Physical and chemical properties; 2.5.1.1 Water structure: Hydrogen bond; 2.5.1.2 Water as solvent; 2.5.1.3 Water properties in relation to the climate system.
- 2.5.2 Hydrological cycle and the climate system2.5.3 Atmospheric water; 2.5.3.1 Water vapor; 2.5.3.2 Clouds; 2.5.3.3 Haze, mist and fog; 2.5.3.4 Precipitation; 2.5.4 Dew, frost, rime, and interception; 2.5.5 Soil water and groundwater: Chemical weathering; 2.5.6 Surface water: Rivers and lakes; 2.5.7 The oceans; 2.6 Sources of atmospheric constituents; 2.6.1 Source characteristics; 2.6.2 Biogenic sources; 2.6.2.1 Vegetation and microorganisms (soils and waters); 2.6.2.2 Animals; 2.6.3 The ocean as source; 2.6.4 Geogenic sources; 2.6.4.1 Soil dust; 2.6.4.2 Sea salt.