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Mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues and their metabolites /
Provides an overview of the use of mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of pesticide residues and their metabolites.-Presents state of the-art MS techniques for the identification of pesticides and their transformation products in food and environment -Covers important advances in MS techniques i...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken, New Jersey :
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
[2015]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Pesticide Chemistry and Risk Assessment
- 1.1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.2 PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY
- 1.2.1 Historical Perspective
- 1.2.2 Identity and Physicochemical Properties of Pesticides
- 1.2.3 Pesticide Classification
- 1.2.4 Modes of Action (MoA)
- 1.3 PESTICIDE METABOLITES AND TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS
- 1.3.1 Biotransformation
- 1.3.2 Environmental Fate
- 1.4 RISK ASSESSMENT
- 1.4.1 Safety Factors
- 1.4.2 Ecological Risk Assessment for Pesticides
- 1.5 DIETARY EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES
- 1.5.1 Acute Exposure or Short-Term Intake
- 1.5.2 Chronic Exposure or Long-Term Intake
- 1.5.3 Cumulative Exposure to Multiple Substances
- 1.6 PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD
- 1.6.1 Maximum Residue Limits
- 1.6.2 Residue Definition
- 1.6.3 Reporting of Results
- 1.6.4 Residue Analysis
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 2 Legislation, Monitoring, and Analytical Quality Control for Pesticide Residues
- 2.1 INTRODUCTION
- 2.2 FOOD SAFETY
- 2.2.1 CAC of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization
- 2.2.2 EU Legislation
- 2.2.3 US Food Regulations
- 2.3 WATER QUALITY
- 2.3.1 WHO
- 2.3.2 EU Water Framework Directive
- 2.3.3 US EPA Legislation
- 2.4 METHOD VALIDATION AND QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUES ANALYSIS
- 2.4.1 CAC Guidelines
- 2.4.2 EU Guidelines: SANCO Document
- 2.4.3 FDA and EPA Guidelines
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 3 Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for MS Analysis
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION
- 3.2 CONVENTIONAL EXTRACTION AND CLEANUP PROCEDURES
- 3.2.1 LLE
- 3.2.2 SPE
- 3.2.3 MSPD
- 3.2.4 QuEChERS
- 3.3 MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUES
- 3.3.1 Sorbent-Based Microextraction Techniques
- 3.3.2 Liquid-Based Microextraction Techniques
- 3.4 ALTERNATIVE EXTRACTION AND CLEANUP PROCEDURES.
- 3.4.1 Alternative Energy Sources to Enhance the Extraction
- 3.4.2 Coupled-Column Liquid Chromatography (LC/PC, LC/LC Techniques)
- 3.4.3 Direct Analysis in Real Time
- 3.5 CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 4 Recent Developments in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 4.2 ADVANCES IN GC SEPARATIONS
- 4.2.1 Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
- 4.2.2 Fast GC
- 4.2.3 LPGC
- 4.3 MASS SPECTROMETRIC IONIZATION TECHNIQUES
- 4.3.1 Electron Impact Ionization (EI)
- 4.3.2 CI (Positive/Negative Modes)
- 4.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure GC-MS
- 4.4 MASS ANALYZERS INTERFACED TO GC
- 4.4.1 Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
- 4.4.2 Ion Trap Mass Analyzer
- 4.4.3 QqQ
- 4.4.4 TOF
- 4.5 MASS SPECTRAL LIBRARIES AND SOFTWARE APPROACHES IN GC-MS ANALYSIS
- 4.6. MATRIX EFFECTS IN GC-MS ANALYSIS
- 4.7 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 5 Recent Developments in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Advances in Liquid Chromatographic Separations and Ionization Techniques/Interfaces
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 ADVANCES IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS
- 5.2.1 Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography
- 5.2.2 Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography
- 5.3 IONIZATION TECHNIQUES/INTERFACES
- 5.3.1 Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques
- 5.3.2 Direct Electron Ionization
- 5.4 AMBIENT IONIZATION TECHNIQUES
- 5.4.1 DESI, Paper Spray, and Low-Temperature Plasma Ambient Ionization
- 5.4.2 Direct Analysis in Real Time
- 5.4.3 Atmospheric Pressure Glow-Discharge Ionization
- 5.5 SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 6 Recent Developments in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Mass Detectors
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION: MASS SPECTROMETERS
- 6.1.1 Triple Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
- 6.1.2 Quadrupole Ion Trap and Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap
- 6.1.3 TOF Mass Analyzer.
- 6.1.4 Hybrid TOF
- 6.1.5 Orbitrap Mass Analyzer
- 6.2 COMPARISON AND COMPLEMENTARITIES OF DIFFERENT MASS ANALYZERS IN THE LC-MS ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES
- 6.2.1 Dynamic Range
- 6.2.2 Scan Rate
- 6.2.3 LODs
- 6.2.4 Mass Accuracy
- 6.2.5 Resolution
- 6.2.6 Selectivity
- 6.2.7 Mass Range
- 6.2.8 Fragmentation
- 6.2.9 Identification Capabilities
- 6.2.10 Quantification
- 6.3 USE OF SOFTWARE TECHNIQUES AND SPECTRAL LIBRARIES IN LC-MS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 7 Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.1.1 Some Definitions
- 7.1.2 Differences between Matrix Effects in GC and LC Methods
- 7.1.3 Differences between ESI and Other API Methods
- 7.1.4 A Typical Alarming Situation
- 7.2 DETECTION OF MATRIX EFFECTS
- 7.2.1 Calibration in Solvent versus Matrix-Matched Calibration
- 7.2.2 Postcolumn Infusion
- 7.2.3 Stable Isotope-Labeled Standards
- 7.3 REDUCTION OF MATRIX EFFECTS
- 7.3.1 Change of LC Conditions
- 7.3.2 Change of MS Conditions
- 7.3.3 Better Cleanup
- 7.3.4 Backflush of LC Columns
- 7.3.5 Dilute-and-Shoot
- 7.4 COMPENSATION OF MATRIX EFFECTS
- 7.4.1 Internal standards (IS)
- 7.4.2 Matrix-Matched Standards
- 7.4.3 Postcolumn Infusion
- 7.4.4 Standard Addition
- 7.5 AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN MATRIX EFFECTS
- 7.5.1 Substance Classes Causing Matrix Effects
- 7.5.2 Tentative Mechanisms of Matrix Effects
- 7.5.3 A Recent View on the Mechanism of Ion Suppression
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 8 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Food Samples
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 APPLICATION OF LC-QQQ-MS/MS FOR THE TARGETED ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN FOOD SAMPLES
- 8.2.1 Sensitivity
- 8.2.2 Linearity
- 8.2.3 Matrix Effects.
- 8.3 APPLICATION OF LC-HRMS TO THE ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN FOOD SAMPLES
- 8.3.1 Detection and Identification
- 8.3.2 Resolution
- 8.3.3 MS/MS Identification
- 8.3.4 Sensitivity
- 8.3.5 Linearity
- 8.3.6 Matrix Effect
- 8.4. DATA PROCESSING: AUTOMATED DATABASE SEARCHES
- 8.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 9 Application of LC-MS/MS and LC-TOF-MS for the Identification of Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Environmental Samples
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION AND OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
- 9.2 STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
- 9.2.1 LC-MS/MS for the Analysis of Target Compounds
- 9.2.2 LC-TOF-MS and LC-QTOF-MS for the Analysis of Target and Nontarget Compounds
- 9.3 USE OF ACCURATE MASS TOOLS FOR THE IDENTIFICTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN FOOD AND WATER SAMPLES
- 9.3.1 Molecular Features
- 9.3.2 Accurate Mass Filters and Isotopic Mass Defect
- 9.3.3 Diagnostic Ion Approach
- 9.3.4 Accurate Mass Databases
- 9.3.5 Accurate Mass Profiling
- 9.4 CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 10 Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Determination of Pesticide Transformation Products Formed by Advanced Oxidation Processes
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION
- 10.3 HYPHENATED MS TECHNIQUES
- 10.3.1 Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Single-Stage Quadrupole
- 10.3.2 Identification of Pesticide TPs by GC-MS
- 10.3.3 Identification of Pesticide TPs by LC-MS
- 10.3.4 Identification of Pesticide TPs by the Combination of GC-MS and LC-MS
- 10.4 TANDEM MS
- 10.4.1 Identification of Pesticide TPs by QqQ-MS
- 10.4.2 Identification of Pesticide TPs by IT-MS
- 10.5 HRMS
- 10.5.1 Single Mass Analyzer
- 10.5.2 Hybrid HR Mass Spectrometers
- 10.6 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES.