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Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil : a country at the crossroads of economic development /
In terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos José Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London, England :
Academic Press,
[2015]
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- 1. Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Sources of Economic Growth
- 1.3. The Brazilian Economy During the Military Government (1964-1984) and the Transition to Democracy
- 1.4. Low Growth
- 1.5. Proximate Causes for Low Growth in 10 Stylized Facts
- 1.5.1. Stylized Fact 1: Current Governmental Non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Crown
- 1.5.2. Stylized Fact 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures
- 1.5.3. Stylized Fact 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public Sector Savings became Negative
- 1.5.4. Stylized Fact 4: High Interest Rates
- 1.5.5. Stylized Fact 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks
- 1.5.6. Stylized Fact 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage
- 1.5.7. Stylized Fact 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade
- 1.5.8. Stylized Fact 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights.
- 1.5.9. Stylized Fact 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down
- 1.5.10. Stylized Fact 10: Educational Backwardness
- 1.6. The Story Behind Low Growth
- Annex 1A.1 The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy
- References
- 2. Inequality
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. The Composition of Inequality
- 2.3. The Fall of Inequality Since the Mid-1990s
- 2.4. Will Inequality Continue to Fall?
- 2.5. Are Social Policies Effective in Reducing Inequality?
- 2.6. Did Inequality Only Begin to Fall More Intensely as of 2001?
- 2.7. Social Stratification after Two Decades of Poverty and Inequality Reduction
- 2.8. Conclusions
- References
- 3. Redistribution to the Rich
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. What Does Economic Theory Have to Say?
- 3.3. Inequality, Extractive Institutions, and Rent Seeking in Brazil
- 3.4. Evidence of Redistribution to the Rich in Brazil.
- 3.4.1. Slow and Inefficient Judicial System
- 3.4.2. Regulatory Agency Weakness
- 3.4.3. Privileged Access to Public Credit
- 3.4.4. Protection of National Industry
- References
- 4. Redistribution to the Poor
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. What Does Economic Theory Have to Say?
- 4.3. The Fiscal Impact of Income Transfer to the Poor
- 4.4. Expansion of Public Education for the Poor and its Fiscal Impact
- 4.5. Expansion of Public Health to the Poor and its Fiscal Impact
- 4.6. Conclusions
- References
- 5. The Middle Class Joins the Game
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. What Does Economic Theory Have to Say?
- 5.3. Rent Seeking in Legal Disputes
- 5.4. The Elderly as a Politically Preferred Public
- 5.5. Public Education That Does not Serve the Poor
- 5.6. The Political Power of Civil Servants
- 5.7. Labor Unions and Resistance to Labor Legislation Reform
- 5.8. Income-Tax Exemptions
- 5.9.18 Great Farm Debt Renegotiations in 19 Years.
- 5.10. The Widespread Distributive Conflict
- 5.11. Conclusions
- References
- 6. Redistribution and Long-Term Growth
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. What Does Economic Theory Have to Say?
- 6.3. Which Path Will Brazil Take?
- 6.4. Conclusions
- References.