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Surface modification of biopolymers /

"This book covers the fundamentals in a most logical and clear manner for science and engineering students to follow as well as researchers from different disciplines. The main objective is to summarize in a fairly comprehensive manner most of the recent technical accomplishments in the area of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores:	Thakur, Vijay Kumar, 1981- (Editor ), Singha, Amar Singh (Editor )
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, [2015]
Edición:	1.
Temas:	Biopolymers. Biopolymers > chemistry Biopolymers Biopolymères. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Material Science.
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Surface Modification of Biopolymers: An Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Structures of Some Commercially Important Biopolymers
1.2.1 Natural Fibers
1.2.2 Chitosan
1.2.3 Agar
1.4 Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates)
1.5 Starch
References
Chapter 2 Surface Modification of Chitosan and its Implications in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery
2.1 Introduction: Biomaterials
2.1.1 Biomaterials: Evolution and Properties
2.2 Chitosan as Biomaterial: Structure-Property-Function Relationship
2.3 Chemical Modification of CS: An Overview
2.3.1 Graft Copolymerization with CS
2.3.2 Grafting onto CS
2.3.3 Chitosan Derivatives
2.4 Summary and Final Remarks
References
Chapter 3 Microwave-Irradiated Synthesis of Agar-Based Graft Copolymers: Analytical Evidences, Biomedical and Environmental Applications
3.1 Agar: The Polysaccharide
3.2 Graft Copolymerization
3.3 Synthesis Techniques of Grafting
3.3.1 Grafting Initiated by Chemical/Conventional Means
3.3.2 Grafting Initiated by Radiation-Induced Technique
3.3.3 Synthesis of the Graft Copolymers by Conventional Method (Using CAN as the Free Radical Initiator)
3.3.4 Synthesis of the Graft Copolymers by Microwave-Initiated Method
3.3.5 Synthesis of the Graft Copolymers by Microwave-Assisted Method
3.3.6 Interpretation for Using Hydroquinone as an Inhibitor
3.3.7 Purification of the Graft Copolymer by the Solvent Extraction Method
3.4 Analytical Evidence for the Synthesized Grafted Agar Products
3.4.1 Intrinsic Viscosity Measurement
3.4.2 Determination of Number Average Molecular Weight by Osmometry
3.4.3 FTIR Spectroscopy
3.4.4 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
3.4.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.4.6 Elemental Analysis.
3.4.7 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis
3.5 Application
3.5.1 Flocculent for Water Treatment
3.5.2 Heavy Metal Remediation
3.6 Matrix for Controlled Drug Release
3.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4 Adaptation of Biopolymers to Specific Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biopolymers in Controlled Drug Release
4.3 Biopolymers in Packaging
4.4 Biopolymers in Affinity Chromatography
4.5 Biopolymers in Biosensors
4.5.1 Biopolymers as Biocompatible Environment and Functional Matrices in Biosensors
4.5.2 Biopolymers as Biorecognition Elements in Biosensors
References
Chapter 5 Modifications of Lignocellulose Fibers and its Application in Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Lignocellulosic Adsorbents
5.2.1 Lignin
5.2.2 Cellulose
5.3 Modifications Reactions: New Adsorbents from Lignocellulosic Residues
5.3.1 Pretreatment
5.3.2 Halogenations
5.3.3 Esterification
5.3.4 Amination
5.3.5 Etherification
5.3.6 Oxidation
5.4 Other Types of Modification
5.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Tailoring Surface Properties of Degradable Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates) for Biological Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Surface Pretreatment Methods
6.2.1 Ozone Treatment
6.2.2 Plasma Treatment
6.2.3 Alkali Treatment
6.3 Polymer Grafting Methods
6.3.1 Polymer Grafting With Pretreatment Methods
6.3.2 Radiation-induced Direct Polymer Grafting
6.3.3 Thermo-initiated Polymer Grafting
6.3.4 Photo-initiated Polymer Grafting
6.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Physically and Chemically Modified Starches in Food and Non-Food Industries
References
Chapter 8 Polymer Modifications and Recent Technological Advances Toward Live Cell Encapsulation and Delivery
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Encapsulated Cells and Derived Products
8.3 Mechanisms of Cell Encapsulation
8.3.1 Polyelectrolyte-Based Complexation
8.3.2 Thermal Gelation
8.3.3 Self Assembly: Materials/Cells/Cells and Materials
8.3.4 Electrostatic Spraying
8.3.5 Photocrosslinking Technique
8.4 Limitations of Hydrogels-Based Cell Encapsulation
8.5 AM-Based Cell Encapsulation Techniques
8.5.1 Optical-Based AM Techniques
8.5.2 Mechanical-Based AM Techniques
8.6 Direct Writing
8.7 Hybrid Process
8.8 Organ Printing
8.9 Summary and Future Directions
References
Chapter 9 Surface Modification of Natural Fibers for Reinforcement in Polymeric Composites
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Surface Modification Methods
9.2.1 Surface Modification by Physical Methods
9.2.2 Effect of Physical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
9.2.3 Surface Modification by Chemical Methods
9.2.4 Effect of Chemical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of NFRCs
9.2.5 Surface Modification by Biological Methods
9.2.6 Effect of Biological Treatment on Mechanical Properties of a NFRC
9.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Surface Electroconductive Modification of Biopolymers
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
10.1.2 Electroconductive Polymers
10.1.3 Common Electroconductive Polymers
10.1.4 Disadvantages of ECPs
10.1.5 Biopolymers
10.2 Electroconductive Modification Methods
10.2.1 Bulk or Surface Modification of Biopolymers
10.2.2 Surface Modification of Biopolymers
10.3 Market for Electroconductive Polymers
10.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 11 Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Nanocomposites
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Surface Physical Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals
11.2.1 Physical Attachment of Homopolymer.
11.2.2 Coating of Amphiphilic Compounds
11.2.3 Physical Pre-Encapsulation with Polymer
11.3 Surface Chemical Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals
11.3.1 TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation
11.3.2 Conjugation of Small Molecules
11.3.3 Polymer Grafting Based on "Graft Onto" Strategy
11.3.4 Polymer Grafting Based on "Graft From" Strategy
11.4 Effects of Surface Modification on Nanocomposite Processing
11.4.1 Effects of Surface Modification on Solution-Blending System
11.4.2 Effects of Surface Modification on Thermoprocessing Systems
11.5 Effects of Surface-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites
11.5.1 Improving Interfacial Interaction and Mechanical Properties by Surface Modification
11.5.2 Co-Continuous Structure Mediated with Surface-Grafted Polymer Chains
11.5.3 Effects of Structural Changes in Polymer Matrix on Mechanical Properties
11.6 Conclusion and Prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 12 Biopolymer-Based Stimuli-Sensitive Functionalized Graft Copolymers as Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and Methods
12.2.1 Materials
12.2.2 Preparation of the Drug Carriers
12.2.3 Instruments and Methods of Characterization
12.2.4 Experimental Methods
12.3 Results and Discussion
12.3.1 Development of DDS and Their Characteristics
12.3.2 Characterization
12.3.3 Swelling Characteristics
12.3.4 Drug Loading Efficiency
12.3.5 Drug Encapsulation Efficiency of P(AA-co-AAm-co-AMPS)-g-NC/PVA
12.3.6 In Vitro Drug Release Profiles
12.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13 Nucleophile-Induced Shift of Surface Plasmon Resonance and its Implication in Chemistry
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 SPR Sensitivity and Coinage Metals
13.1.2 Resonance Condition
13.2 Plasmon.
13.2.1 Electric Field Enhancement
13.2.2 Propagation Length
13.2.3 Penetration Depth
13.3 Theoretical Background
13.3.1 Mie Theory
13.3.2 Limitation of Mie Theory
13.3.3 Extended Mie Theory: Gans' Modification
13.4 Light Excitation and Wave Coupling Schemes
13.4.1 Prism Coupling
13.5 Temperature Dependence of SPR
13.6 Effect of Refractive Index
13.7 Effect of Dielectric Constant
13.8 Size and Shape Dependence
13.9 Fermi Level
13.9.1 Calculation of Number of Au Atoms Present in a Single Au NP
13.10 Damping
13.11 Effect of Eletrophile and Nucleophile on SPR
13.12 Application
13.12.1 Gas Sensing
13.12.2 Chemical Sensing
13.12.3 Biomolecular Recognition
13.12.4 Biosensing
13.13 Commercialization of SPR Sensor Technology
13.13.1 Improvement in Detection Limits
13.13.2 Multichannel Performance
13.13.3 Development of Advanced Recognition Elements
13.14 Conclusion
Symbol and Abbreviation
References
Chapter 14 Surface Modification of Natural Fiber Composites and their Potential Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Natural Fibers
14.2.1 Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibers
14.2.2 Polymer Matrices
14.3 Chemical Methods of Modification of the Natural Fibers for the Composite Preparation
14.3.1 Alkali Treatment
14.3.2 Silane Treatment
14.3.3 Water Glass (Sodium Silicate) Treatment
14.3.4 Bacterial Nanocellulose Coating
14.3.5 Fungal Treatment
14.3.6 Enzymatic Treatment
14.3.7 Advanced Method for Surface Modification of Fiber
14.3.8 Graft Copolymerization
14.4 Physical Methods of Modification of the Natural Fibers for the Composite Preparation
14.4.1 Plasma Treatment
14.4.2 Corona Treatment
14.5 Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites.

Surface modification of biopolymers /

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