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Ocean in the earth system /
Complexity is an intrinsic property of natural systems. In the oceanic system, it is linked to many interactions with the atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere with which it exchanges energy and matter. Complexity of the ocean system has, at different spatial and temporal scales, hydrodynamic mechanis...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
London : Hoboken, NJ :
ISTE ; John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
2014.
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| Colección: | Oceanography and marine biology series. Sea and oceans set.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; 1: The Ocean in the Earth System: Evolution and Regulation; 1.1. The Earth system and its components; 1.1.1. A system is a set of objects whose limit is arbitrary, but pertinent; 1.1.2. One system is necessarily built into another; 1.1.3. The Earth is a "closed" system; 1.1.4. The major components of the Earth system; 1.1.5. What is the biosphere?; 1.2. The ocean, from its origins; 1.2.1. Was there an ocean 4.4 billion years ago?; 1.2.2. The origin of water on Earth (4.5
- 4 billion years ago).
- 1.2.3. The ocean and the end of the "Venus" phase of the Earth's history (between 4.5 and 4 billion years ago)1.2.4. Why are there oceans on Earth and a "Venus inferno" on Venus?; 1.2.5. The ocean, cradle of the first living creatures (between 4.4 and 3.5 billion years ago); 1.3. The ocean, oxygen and the evolution of life forms; 1.3.1. The essential characteristics had been selected in the ocean before the Cambrian period, over 540 million years ago; 1.3.2. How did oxygen accumulate?; 1.3.3. The first important accumulation of oxygen (around 2.5 billion years ago).
- 1.3.4. A moderate increase in oxygenation (between 2.5 and 0.5 billion years ago)1.3.5. The second important accumulation of oxygen (between 500 and 350 million years ago); 1.4. The regulation of the greenhouse effect by the ocean; 1.4.1. There is no life without a minimum greenhouse effect; 1.4.2. The regulation of the greenhouse effect by the ocean; 1.5. Oceanic photosynthesis regulates itself on a short timescale; 1.5.1. When the ocean is deficient in nitrate; 1.5.2. When the ocean has an excess of nitrate; 1.5.3. The regulation of the N/P ratio; 1.6. Conclusion.
- 1.6.1. The ocean in the Earth system1.6.2. The anthropogenic disturbance of the Earth system; 1.6.3. And life among all that?; 1.7. Acknowledgments; 1.8. Bibliography; 2: The Ocean and the Climate System; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Climate change; 2.2.1. The report on the findings; 2.2.2. Interpretation of the observed changes; 2.2.3. The Earth's radiative equilibrium and greenhouse gases; 2.2.4. The role of greenhouse gases
- GHG; 2.2.5. Scenarios and projections; 2.3. Physics and dynamics; 2.3.1. Rotation, Coriolis, geostropy; 2.3.2. An ocean moved by the wind.
- 2.3.3. Ekman, spiral, transport, pumping, upwelling and downwelling2.3.4. Interior ocean and western boundary currents; 2.3.5. An ocean moved by thermohaline fluxes; 2.3.6. Stratification, mixed layer, thermocline; 2.3.7. Formation of water masses, convection and subduction; 2.3.8. Schematization of global circulation: the great conveyor belt; 2.4. Some key elements for understanding the ocean's role in the climate; 2.4.1. Typical times; 2.4.2. Ocean-atmosphere in the tropics; 2.4.3. Other types of variability; 2.4.4. Climatic surprises; 2.5. Some questions for the future; 2.6. Bibliography.