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Striving for better jobs : the challenge of informality in the Middle East and North Africa /
While economic growth has been sustained for a number of years in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, this has not resulted in the creation of an adequate number of jobs and has succeeded, at best, in generating low-quality, informal jobs. While there is a great deal of...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, DC :
World Bank Publications,
2014.
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| Colección: | Directions in development (Washington, D.C.). Human development.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; Overview; Background; Understanding Informality; Figure O.1 Informality and Economic Development; Figures; Informality in MENA: Levels and Trends; Figure O.2 Informality in MENA Compared to Other Regions; Who Are Informal Workers?; Figure O.3 Informality Rates for Selected Non-Gulf Cooperation Council Members; Figure O.4 Annual Growth Rates of Informality; Figure O.5 Informality Rates by Quintile of Per Capita Consumption for Selected Countries.
- Figure O.6 Employment Status by Age for Selected Countries, Urban Areas OnlyFigure O.7 Informality Rates by Highest Educational Level Completed; Figure O.8 Informality and Firm Size; Informality among Firms; Figure O.9 Unregistered Firms, by Region; Figure O.10 Highest Level of Education of Managers in Formal and Informal Manufacturing Firms in Egypt, 2009; Informality in MENA: Exclusion or Choice?; Figure O.11 Transitions of Originally Informal Salaried Private Sector Male Workers; Figure O.12 Estimated Formality Premium by Gender in Different Countries.
- Barriers to Coverage and Policy OptionsNotes; References; Chapter 1 How Large Is Informality and Why Do We Care?; What Is Informality?; How to Measure Informality; Boxes; Box 1.1 Defining Informality; Tables; Table 1.1 Summary of Data and Definitions Used in This Report; Box 1.2 Main Definitions of Relevant Variables and Survey Questions from Data Available in MENA; Figure 1.1 Correlation among Most-Used Informality Indicators; Why Does Informality Matter?; Figure 1.2 Correlations among Different Definitions of Labor Informality (Worker's Side); Figure 1.3 Informality and Economic Development.
- Figure 1.4 Effect of Informality on GrowthInformality in MENA; Figure 1.5 Employment and Unemployment Rates in MENA; Figure 1.6 Economic Growth and Employment Growth; Figure 1.7 Annual Population Growth Rates (%) (2005-2009); Figure 1.8 Sectoral Contribution to Annual Employment Growth in Typical MENA Country and Selected Other Countries, Average for 2000s; Figure 1.9 Prevalence of Informality in MENA versus Other Regions; Figure 1.10 Informality Rates for Selected Non-GCC Economies; What Causes Informality?; Figure 1.11 Annual Growth Rates of Informality.
- Figure 1.12 Correlation between Informality and Governance/RegulationFigure 1.13 Correlation between Informality and Education/Demographic Factors; Figure 1.14 Correlation between Informality and Government Size; Figure 1.15 Correlation between Informality and Indirect Labor Costs; Figure 1.16 Percentage Difference in Education and Youth Bulge with Respect to the World Median; Figure 1.17 Percentage Difference in Rural Population and Agricultural Output with Respect to the World Median; Conclusions; Figure 1.18 Percentage Difference in Public Employment with Respect to the World Median; Annex.