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Working toward Better Pay : Earnings Dynamics in Ghana and Tanzania /
Improving the returns to labor for low-paid workers is a key policy challenge, especially in low-income countries (LICs) where earnings increases are the single most important source of poverty reduction and an important engine of shared prosperity. Yet, the understanding of individual earnings dyna...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
World Bank Publications,
2014.
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| Colección: | World Bank studies.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Chapter 1Introduction; The Determinants of Earnings Levels; Chapter 2What Did We Know about the Determinants of Earnings and Earnings Growth in Ghana and Tanzania?; The Determinants of Earnings Growth; Evidence on Low-Pay Persistence and Scarring; Notes; Chapter 3Data and Descriptive Statistics; Ghana and Tanzania Urban Panel Surveys; Construction of Key Explanatory Variables; Tables; Table 3.1 Panel Retention Rates; Table 3.2 Correlation Coefficients between Skills Proxies; Descriptive Statistics.
- FiguresFigure 3.1 Occupational Categories; Figure 3.2 Average Education by Occupation; Figure 3.3a Mean Earnings by Occupation (Ghana); Figure 3.3b Mean Earnings by Occupation (Tanzania); Figure 3.4a Mean Earnings by Occupation and Gender (Ghana); Figure 3.4b Mean Earnings by Occupation and Gender (Tanzania); Figure 3.5a Mean Earnings by Occupation and Age (Ghana); Figure 3.5b Mean Earnings by Occupation and Age (Tanzania); Table 3.3 One-Year Transitions between Occupations; Table 3.4 Two-Year Transitions between Occupations; Table 3.5 Four-Year Transitions between Occupations (Ghana).
- Figure 3.6a Average Earning Changes (%) by Type of Transition (Ghana)Figure 3.6b Average Earning Changes (%) by Type of Transit; Figure 3.7 One-Year Earnings Growth; Notes; Table 3.6 One-Year Transitions from Low to High Pay; Chapter 4The Determinants of Earnings Levels; Framework and Baseline Specification; Education Pays, and Pays More and More; Boxes; Box 4.1 Key Hypotheses and Main Findings; Table 4.1 Earnings Functions (OLS); Special Challenges for Youth and Women; Table 4.2 Earnings Functions-Controlling for Ability (OLS); Table 4.3 Earnings Functions by Age and Gender.
- Differences across SectorsTable 4.4 Earnings Functions by Occupation; Notes; Chapter 5The Determinants of Earnings Growth; Box 5.1 Key Hypotheses and Main Findings; Framework; Table 5.1 Determinants of One-Year Growth in Log Earnings; A Bird's Eye View of Earnings Growth in Ghana and Tanzania; Differences across Sectors; Table 5.2 Determinants of One-Year Growth in Log Earnings by Occupation; Notes; Chapter 6Low-Pay/High-Pay Transitions; Box 6.1 Key Hypotheses and Main Findings; Descriptive Statistics; Table 6.1a Raw Persistence in Ghana; Table 6.1b Raw Persistence in Tanzania.
- Econometric FrameworkResults; Table 6.2a Predicted Entry and Persistence Rates, and Mean and Median Predicted Time in High and Low Pay for Ghana, Bivariate; Table 6.2b Predicted Entry and Persistence Rates, and Mean and Median Predicted Time in High and Low Pay for Tanzania, Bivariate; Notes; Chapter 7Main Findings and Key Policy Implications; Message 1: Job Characteristics Are an Important Determinant of Both Earnings Levels and Earnings Growth; Message 2: Women and Youth Face Special Challenges.