Microbial growth in drinking-water supplies : problems, causes, control and research needs /

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Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in fut...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Kooij, D. van der, 1946- (Editor ), Wielen, Paul W. J. J. van der (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: London : IWA Publishing, 2014.
Temas:
Drinking water > Microbiology.
Water > Distribution.
Water quality.
Drinking Water > microbiology
Water Pollution > prevention & control
Water Purification > methods
Sanitary Engineering > methods
Eau potable > Microbiologie.
Eau > Distribution.
Eau > Qualité.
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Environmental > General.
Drinking water > Microbiology
Water > Distribution
Water quality
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Water-Supply Microbiology / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.1.1. Discoveries and impact / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.1.2.A century of progress / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.2. Regrowth: Problems and Assessment / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.2.1. Problems / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.2.2. Regrowth assessment / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3. Causes of Regrowth / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.1. Growth kinetics and growth potential assessment / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.1.1. Growth kinetics / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.1.2. Assessment of the microbial-growth potential of drinking water / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.2. Temperature / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.3. Biofilms, sediments and hydraulics / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.3.1. Biofilms / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.3.2. Sediments / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.4. Construction materials / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.3.5. Disinfectant residual / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.4. Scope and Aim / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 1.5. References / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 2.1. Introduction / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.2. Measurement of Biodegradable Organic Matter in Water / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.3. Concentrations of AOC and BDOC in US Drinking Water Supplies / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4. Impact of Water Treatment on BOM / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.1. Watersheds / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.2. Disinfection / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.3. Coagulation and sedimentation / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.4. Granular media filtration / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.5. Membrane filtration / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.6. Bank infiltration / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.4.7. Recycling of backwash water / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.5. Materials in Contact with Water / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.6. Development of a Bioluminescence AOC Method / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.6.1. Bioluminescence AOC assay / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.6.2. Application of the bioluminescence AOC assay / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.6.3. Development of a salt water bioluminescence AOC test / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.7. Conclusions / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 2.8. References / M.W. LeChevallier
  • 3.1. Introduction / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.2. Advanced Water Purification System in Osaka Water Works / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.2.1. Reduction of chlorine dosage / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.2.2. Bacterial-regrowth control by AOC reduction and less chlorine dosage / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.3.Organic Removals in a Hybrid Membrane Filtration System / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.3.1. PVDF MF membrane filtration coupled with pre-ozonation / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.3.2. PTFE MF membrane filtration coupled with powdered activated carbon adsorption and biological/chemical oxidation / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.3.3. Biofilm-membrane reactor for advanced drinking water treatment / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.4. Conclusion / Y. Watanabe
  • 3.5. References / Y. Watanabe
  • 4.1. Introduction / A.K. Camper
  • 4.1.1.Organic matter and heterotrophic bacterial growth / A.K. Camper
  • 4.1.2. Disinfectans, NOM and microbial growth / A.K. Camper
  • 4.1.2.1. Primary disinfection / A.K. Camper
  • 4.1.2.2. Secondary disinfection / A.K. Camper
  • 4.1.3. Pipe materials / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2. Interactions of Factors and Biofilm Growth / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2.1. Importance of organic carbon and chlorine on biofilms / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2.2. Importance of iron-corrosion products / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2.3. Iron, organics and disinfectants / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2.4. Iron, organics, disinfectants and corrosion control / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2.4.1. Corrosion products and iron oxide coated beads / A.K. Camper
  • 4.2.4.2. Laboratory and pilot distribution system studies / A.K. Camper
  • 4.3. Conclusions and Recommendations / A.K. Camper
  • 4.4. References / A.K. Camper
  • 5.1. Introduction / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.1.1. Safe distribution of water:-to disinfect or not to disinfect? / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.1.2. The road to distribution without disinfectant residual in the Netherlands / G.J. Medema / P.W.M.H. Smeets / E.J.M. Blokker / J.H.M. vanlieverloo
  • 5.1.3. Microbial safety in water legislation in the Netherlands / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.2. Good Engineering Practice / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.3. Evidence of Safe Distribution Without Disinfectant Residual / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.3.1. Evidence from waterborne outbreaks / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.3.2. Evidence from contamination events / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.3.3. Evidence from water quality monitoring / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.3.4. Evidence from operational monitoring / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.4. Synopsis / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.5. Outlook / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.5.1. Improved microbiological monitoring / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.5.2. Improved monitoring by combining sentinel sensors with rapid microbiological assays / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.5.3. Improved use of operational monitoring / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.5.4. Epidemiology to assess safety / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.5.5. QMRA to improve science-based management / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets
  • 5.6. References / G.J. Medema / J.H.M. vanlieverloo / E.J.M. Blokker / P.W.M.H. Smeets.
  • Note continued: 6.1. Introduction / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2. Incidence and Causal Organisms / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.1. Legionnaires' disease in Europe and the US / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.2. Identity of clinical and environmental isolates / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.2.1. Clinical isolates / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.2.2. Environmental isolates / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.2.3. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) types / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.2.4. Sequence-based types (STs) / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.2.3. Infectious dose / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.3. Ecology of L. pneumophila / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.3.1. Growth substrates and amoebae / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.3.2. Temperature effects / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.3.2.1. Laboratory systems / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.3.2.2. Natural and man-made aquatic environments / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4. Legionellae in Drinking-Water Supplies / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.1. Drinking water distribution systems / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.2. Hospitals, hotels and homes / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.2.1. Hospitals and hotels / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.2.2. Homes / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.3. Critical concentration / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.4. Disinfectant residual / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.4.5. Plumbing materials / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.5. Control Measures in Potable-Water Systems / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.5.1. Regulations, standards and guidelines / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.5.2. Water temperature management / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.5.3. Disinfection technologies / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.5.4. Limiting accumulation of biofilms and sediments / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.6. Discussion and Perspective / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.6.1. True incidence of LD / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.6.2. Water-supply associated LD / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.6.3. Drinking-water quality / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.6.4. Temperature and virulence / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.6.5. Perspective / D. van der Kooij
  • 6.7. References / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.1. Introduction / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.1.1. Climate change / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.1.2. Demographic change / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.2. Literature Survey / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.2.1.(Reported) cases in the Netherlands / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.2.2. Epidemiological link between organisms from drinking water and patients / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.2.3. Occurrence of opportunistic pathogens in drinking water in the Netherlands / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.2.4. Effect of temperature on growth of opportunistic pathogens / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.2.5. Priority for further research / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.3. Detection of Opportunistic Pathogens in Drinking Water / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.3.1. Fungi and Aspergillus fumigatus / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.3.2. Mycobacteria and Mycobacterium avium complex / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.3.3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.3.4. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij.
  • Note continued: 7.4. Opportunistic Pathogens in Unchlorinated Drinking Water / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.4.1. Temperature, ATP and cell numbers / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.4.2. Opportunistic pathogens / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 7.5. References / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / R. Italiaander / B.A. Wullings / L. Heijnen / D. van der Kooij
  • 8.1. Introduction / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.1.1. Biofilms in drinking water systems / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender / H.C. Flemming
  • 8.1.2. The problem of pathogen detection / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.2. Drinking Water Installations in Buildings vs. Public Networks / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.2.1. Surveillance
  • the twilight zone / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.3. The Role of Materials / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.3.1. Biofilm formation of new and aged materials / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.4. The Result of Quantification of Bacteria in Drinking Water and Biofilms Depends upon the Analytical Method / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.4.1.L. pneumophila and P. aeruginosa incorporated into drinking water biofilms as a potential water contamination source / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.4.2. The influence of copper ions / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender / H.C. Flemming
  • 8.5. Disinfection / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Gebel / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Wingender
  • 8.6. Population analysis / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Wingender / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Gebel
  • 8.7. Conclusions / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Wingender / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Gebel
  • 8.8. Summary / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Wingender / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Gebel
  • 8.9. References / H.C. Flemming / B. Bendinger / M. Exner / J. Wingender / T. Kistemann / G. Schaule / U. Szewzyk / J. Gebel
  • 9.1. Introduction / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.1.1. Invertebrates in drinking water / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.1.2. Significance / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.2. Ecology / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.2.1. Hypotheses / W. Hoogenboezem / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal
  • 9.2.2. Feeding, growth and reproduction / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.3. Abundance in Distribution Systems / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.3.1. Methods, sampling sites and sampling programme / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.3.2. Abundance in drinking water / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.3.3. Abundance in water flushed from mains / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.3.4. Variability within and between distribution systems / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.4. Correlations with Biofilm, NOM and Sediments / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.4.1. Biofilm Formation Rate (BFR) and natural organic matter (NOM) / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.4.2. Correlation with biostability of finished water / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.4.3. Correlation with NOM and sediment / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / W. Hoogenboezem / G. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 9.5. Conclusions / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 9.6. References / J.H.M. van Lieverloo / D. van der Kooij / G. Veenendaal / W. Hoogenboezem
  • 10.1. Introduction / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.2. Biodiversity of Biofilms / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.2.1. Bacterial abundance / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.2.2. Bacterial pathogens and faecal indicators in drinking water biofilms / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.3. Effects of Pipe Material and Corrosion Control / P. Laurent / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals
  • 10.3.1.Comparison of biofilm support potential / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.3.2. Lining, coating, gasket and lubricant materials / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.3.3. Corrosion and the addition of phosphate-based inhibitors / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.4. Operation of the Distribution System / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.4.1. Water velocity and pipe biofilms / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.4.2. Low water movement and/or stagnation in the distribution system / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.4.3. Sediment accumulation and pipe flushing / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.5. Conclusion / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 10.6. References / M. Prevost, M.C. Besner / P. Servals / P. Laurent
  • 11.1. Introduction / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.1.1. Water treatment and distribution systems / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.1.2. NOM and bacteria in treated water / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.2. Regrowth / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.2.1.Compliance with standards / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.2.2. Aeromonads and coliforms / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.2.3. Legionella / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.2.4. Free-living protozoa (FLP) / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.2.5. Other (micro)organisms in drinking water / D. van der Kooij / H.R. Veenendaal
  • 11.3. Assessment of Regrowth Potential / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.1. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.1.1. Method / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.1.2. AOC-reduction tests / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.1.3. Effects of water treatment / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.1.4. Clogging of filter beds, injection wells and spiral-wound membranes / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.2. Biofilm formation rate (BFR) / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.3.3. Biomass production potential (BPP) of materials in contact with drinking water / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.4. Improved Methods for Assessing the Microbial Growth Potential of Water / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.4.1. Biomass production potential (BPP) of water / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.4.2. Continuous biofouling monitor (CBM) / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.4.3. Boiler-biofilm monitor (BBM) / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5. Evaluation / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.1. Regrowth assessment / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.2. Biostability assessment / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.3. Defining biostability / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.3.1. AOC, BDOC and BFR / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.3.2. Biological-stability classification / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.3.3. ATP-based biostability assessment (ABBA) / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.4. Regrowth control / H.R.
  • Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.4.1. Treatment / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.5.4.2. Distribution / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.6. Summary and Conclusions / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.6.1. Regrowth / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.6.2. Biostability assessment / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 11.7. References / H.R. Veenendaal / D. van der Kooij
  • 12.1. Introduction / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.2. Microbial Water Quality Problems / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.2.1. Microbial growth / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.2.2. Problems / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.3. Test Methods / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.3.1. Need for test methods / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.3.2. Available test methods / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4. Standardisation of Test Methods in Europe / B. Hambsch / J. Ashworth / D. van der Kooij
  • 12.4.1. Research related to the European Acceptance Scheme / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.2. Optimisation of the BPP test / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.3. Three standardized test methods / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.3.1. Mean dissolved oxygen difference (MDOD, BS 6920) / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.3.2. Biomass volume (DVGW-W270) / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth.
  • Note continued: 12.4.3.3. Biomass production potential (BPP) based on ATP / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.4.Comparison of test characteristics / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.5.Comparison of test results / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.4.6. Further developments related to standardization in Europe / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.5. Conclusions / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 12.6. References / B. Hambsch / D. van der Kooij / J. Ashworth
  • 13.1. Introduction / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.2. Background / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.2.1. Factors affecting the performance of biofiltration / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.2.2. Review of modelling approaches / B.K. Siembida-Lösch / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski
  • 13.3. Development of a Unifying Parameter
  • Dimensionless Contact Time (X*) / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4. Further Development of the X* Parameter / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.1. Simplification of X* / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.2. Secondary utilization (trace contaminant removal) / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3. Biofiltration as membrane pre-treatment / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3.1.Organic matter and fouling / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3.2. Biofouling / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3.3. Microbial product material / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3.4. Effectiveness of biofiltration as a membrane pre-treatment / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3.5.Net production of biomass / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.4.3.6.Net generation of dissolved microbial product material / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.5. Definition of a New Performance Parameter: the Biofiltration Factor (BF) / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.6. Summary / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 13.7. References / P.M. Huck / M.M. Sozahski / B.K. Siembida-Lösch
  • 14.1. Introduction / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.2. Role of the Residual Disinfectant / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.3. Processes-in the Network / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.3.1. Introduction / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.3.2. Cause and nature of discolouration / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.3.3. Biological regrowth and sediments / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.3.4. Experimental verification of biofilm on sediments / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.3.5. Discussion / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4. Managing Particles in the Distribution Network: A 3-Stage Approach / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.1. Introduction / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.2. First stage: control of input / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.3. Second stage: control of hydraulics / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.4. Third stage: control of sediment layer by cleaning / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.4.1. Introduction / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.4.2. Minimum velocity / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.4.3. Flushed volume / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.4.4.4. Clear-water front / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.5. Managing Network Integrity/Total Quality Awareness / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.5.1.introduction / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.5.2. Total quality awareness / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.6. Discussion / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 14.7. References / J.H.G. Vreeburg
  • 15.1. Introduction / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.1.1. Ranking of regrowth problems / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.2. Opportunistic Pathogens / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.2.1. Identity and priority / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.2.2. Detection, / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.2.3. Surveys / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.2.4. Public-health significance / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.2.5. Control measures / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.3. Other Regrowth Problems / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.3.1. Coliforms and aeromonads / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.3.2.Organisms involved in taste and odour problems / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.3.3. Invertebrates / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.3.4. Technical problems / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.3.5. Schematic overview / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.4. Assessment of Regrowth / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.4.1. Biomass / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.4.2. Detection of microorganisms with specific physiological properties / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.5. Microbial-Growth Potential / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.5.1. Driving force for regrowth / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.5.2. Assessment of the microbial-growth potential of water / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.5.3. Biofilms and sediments / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.5.4. Enhancement of microbial growth by materials in contact with drinking water / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.5.5. Guideline values / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.5.6. Overview / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.6. Effects of Water Treatment on the Microbial-Growth Potential / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.6.1. Developments in drinking water treatment / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.6.2. Removal of biodegradable compounds and biomass / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.7. Effect of Distribution on Biomass Accumulation / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.7.1. Developments in water distribution / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.7.2. Impact of distribution system conditions / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.7.2.1. Hydraulics and residence time / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.7.2.2. Disinfectant residual / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.7.3. Potable-water installations / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen
  • 15.8. Costs and Benefits / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen / D. van der Kooij
  • 15.9. References / D. van der Kooij / P.W.J.J. van der Wielen.

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