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Greenhouse Nitrogen Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Operation: Phase I : WERF Report U4R07.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
IWA Publishing,
2014.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Copyright; Acknowledgments; Abstract and Benefits; Table of Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; List of Acronyms; Executive Smrnnary; Chapter 1.0: Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Organization of Report; Chapter 2.0: State of Knowledge of Nitrogen Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Operations ; 2.1 Overview of N2O Emissions Studies; 2.2 Mechanisms of Autotrophic N2O and NO Emissions; 2.3 N2O Emissions from Denitrification; Chapter 3.0: Methods, Procedures, and Protocols for Determination of N2O Emission Fluxes; 3.1 Introduction.
- 3.2 Sampling Design for Full-Scale Emissions Monitoring3.3 Sampling Procedures
- Headspace Gas Measurement; 3.4 Sampling Procedures
- Aqueous N2O Concentration Determination; 3.5 Sampling Procedures
- Measurement of Advective Flow Rates from Bioreactors; 3.6 Determination of Advective Flow Rates via Flux Chambers from Non-Aerated Zones; 3.7 Pre-Visit Information Collection and Analysis; 3.8 Sampling Procedures
- Wastewater and Process Characterization; 3.9 Principles of Real-Time N2O, NO, and NO2 Measurements; 3.9.1 Principles of N2O Measurement; 3.9.2 Principles of NO and NO2 Measurement.
- 3.10 Data Analysis and Processing3.10.1 Determination of Fluxes; 3.10.2 Determination of Aggregated Emission Fractions; 3.10.3 Calculation of N2O Emissions; 3.10.4 Correlation between WWTP Operating Conditions and N2O Emissions; 3.11 Comparison of Protocol with Established Emissions Flux Measurement Methods; Chapter 4.0: Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Full-Scale Activated Sludge Processes; 4.1 Summary of Processes Sampled; 4.2 N2O Emissions from Full-Scale Processes; 4.3 Model-Based Discrimination of Process Operating Conditions Contributing to N2O Emissions; 4.3.1 Aerobic Zones.
- 4.3.2 Anoxic Zones4.4 Spatial and Temporal Variability in N2O Generation and Emission from Selected Full-Scale BNR and Non-BNR Processes; 4.4.1 Spatial and Temporal Trends in N2O Emission Fluxes from Full-Scale WWTPs; 4.4.2 Four-Pass Step-Feed BNR Process; 4.4.3 Four-Stage Bardenpho Process; 4.4.4 Low-Rate Separate Stage Nitrification-Denitrification Process; 4.4.5 Plug-Flow Processes; 4.4.6 Four-Pass Step-Feed (non-BNR) Process (Covered Aeration Tanks); 4.5 Discussion and Conclusions; Chapter 5.0: Emissions Data Reporting and Sensitivities; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Sensitivities.
- 5.2.1 Inherent Spatial and Temporal (Diurnal) Variability5.2.2 Sampling Density; 5.2.3 Plant Performance; 5.2.4 Seasonal Variations in Emissions; 5.2.5 Process Configuration; 5.2.6 Influence of Study Design and Measurement; 5.3 Emission Factors; 5.3.1 Limitation of Emission Factors; 5.3.2 Determination of Emission from Dynamic Biological Processes; Chapter 6.0: Conclusions, Recommendations, and Continuing Studies; 6.1 N2O Emissions from Domestic Wastewater Treatment; 6.2 Estimation of N2O Emissions; 6.3 N2O Emissions from Different Activated Sludge Configurations.