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Energy Subsidy Reform.
Energy subsidies have wide-ranging economic consequences. Although they are aimed at protecting consumers, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. Subsidies also distort resource allocation by encourag...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | , , , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington :
International Monetary Fund,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; Preface; 1 Introduction and Background; Figures; Figure 1.1 International Prices of Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas, 2006-12 (Indexed January 2000=100); 2 Defining and Measuring Energy Subsidies; Boxs; Box 2.1 Pretax and Posttax Consumer Subsidies; Box 2.2 Financing Fuel Subsidies in India; Figure 2.1 Pretax Energy Subsidies, 2007-11 (Billions of U.S. dollars); Figure 2.2 Pretax Energy Subsidies by Region, 2011; Figure 2.3 Pretax Petroleum Subsidies among Petroleum Importing and Exporting Countries, 2011 (Percent of GDP).
- Figure 2.4 Adjustment of Energy Subsidies for Taxes and Externalities, 20113 Macroeconomic, Environmental, and Social Implications; Box 3.1 Electricity Subsidies and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa; Figure 3.1 Posttax Subsidies and Social Spending, 2010 (Percent of GDP); Box 3.2 Energy Subsidy Reform and Competitiveness; Figure 3.2 Distribution of Petroleum Product Subsidies by Income Groups (Percent of total product subsidies); 4 Reforming Energy Subsidies: Lessons from Experience; Tables; TABLE 4.1 Summary of Country Energy Subsidy Reform Episodes.
- 5 Case Studies from the Sub-Saharan Africa RegionTABLE 5.1 Ghana: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011; Figure 5.1 Ghana: Fuel Price Developments, 2000-2012; TABLE 5.2 Namibia: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011; Figure 5.2 Namibia: National Energy Fund and Slate Account, 1990-2011 (Millions of Namibian dollars); Figure 5.3 Namibia: Macroeconomic Developments and Fuel Subsidy Reform, 1990-2011; TABLE 5.3 Niger: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011; Figure 5.4 Niger: Fuel Price Developments, 2005-11 (Central African francs per liter).
- Figure 5.5 Niger: Macroeconomic Developments and Energy Subsidy Reforms, 2008-11 (Percent of GDP or rate)TABLE 5.4 Nigeria: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2003-11; Figure 5.6 Nigeria: International and Domestic Fuel Prices, 2006-11 (Difference between world price and domestic price); TABLE 5.5 Nigeria: Developments in Fuel Prices and Fuel Subsidies, 2006-12; Box 5.1 Nigeria: Rationale for Subsidy Removal; TABLE 5.6 South Africa: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 1993-2011; Figure 5.7 South Africa: Composition of Gasoline Pump Prices and Taxes, 2001-12.
- TABLE 5.7 Kenya: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2009TABLE 5.8 Kenya: Key Power Sector Indicators, 1995-2009; Figure 5.8 Kenya: Hidden Costs in the Power Sector, 2001-8; TABLE 5.9 Uganda: Key Macroeconomic and Power Sector Indicators, 2005-10; TABLE 5.10 Uganda: Explicit Fiscal Subsidies for the Power Sector and the Cost of Thermal Generation, 2006-11; TABLE 5.11 Uganda: Quasi-Fiscal Deficit of the Power Sector, 2005-8 and 2009-11; 6 Case Studies from Emerging and Developing Asia; TABLE 6.1 Indonesia: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011.