Cargando…
Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol.
The inevitable decline in petroleum reserves impacting gasoline prices, combined with climate change concerns have contributed to current interest in renewable fuels. Bioethanol is the most successful renewable transport fuel. Corn and sugarcane ethanol are currently widely used as blend-in fuels in...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken :
Wiley,
2013.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Part 1 Introduction to Cellulosic Ethanol; 1 Renewable Fuels; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Renewable Energy; 1.3 Biofuels; 1.3.1 Advantages of Biofuels; 1.3.2 Gaseous Biofuels; 1.3.3 Liquid Biofuels; 1.4 Renewable Energy in the United States; 1.4.1 Federal Agencies Promoting Renewable Energy; 1.4.2 Incentives for Renewable Fuels; 1.5 Renewable Fuel Legislature in the United States; 1.5.1 Renewable Fuel Standards of Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; 1.5.2 US EPA 2013 Renewable Fuel Standards; References.
- 2 Bioethanol as a Transportation Fuel2.1 Introduction
- History of Bioethanol as a Transportation Fuel; 2.2 Alcohol Fuels; 2.3 Fuel Characteristics of Ethanol; 2.3.1 Disadvantages of Ethanol; 2.4 Corn and Sugarcane Ethanol; 2.4.1 First Generation Ethanol Production; 2.5 Advantages of Cellulosic Ethanol; References; 3 Feedstocks for Cellulosic Ethanol Production; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstock Types; 3.3 Potential of Agricultural Wastes; 3.4 Major Crop Residue Feedstock; 3.4.1 Corn Stover; 3.4.2 Wheat Straw; 3.4.3 Rice Straw; 3.4.4 Sugarcane Bagasse; 3.4.5 Barley Straw.
- 3.5 Forestry Residue, Logging and Mill Residue3.6 Grass Feedstocks; 3.6.1 Switchgrass; 3.6.2 Miscanthus Grass; 3.6.3 Prairie Cordgrass; 3.6.4 Arundo Donax or Giant Reed; 3.6.5 Reed Canary Grass; 3.6.6 Alfalfa; 3.6.7 Other Grasses; 3.7 Purpose-Grown Trees as Feedstock; 3.7.1 Poplar; 3.7.2 Willows; 3.7.3 Pines; 3.7.4 Eucalyptus; 3.8 Municipal and Other Waste as Feedstock for Cellulosic Ethanol; 3.8.1 Municipal Waste Feedstock Utilizing Cellulosic Ethanol Plants; References; Part 2 Aqueous Phase Biomass Hydrolysis Route; 4 Challenges in Aqueous-Phase Biomass Hydrolysis Route: Recalcitrance.
- 4.1 Introduction
- Two Ways to Produce Cellulosic Ethanol4.2 Challenges in Aqueous-Phase Biomass Hydrolysis; 4.3 Structure of Plant Cells and Lignocellulosic Biomass; 4.4 Major Components of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 4.4.1 Cellulose; 4.4.2 Hemicellulose; 4.4.3 Lignin; 4.5 Cellulose Recalcitrance; References; 5 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Different Categories of Pretreatment Methods; 5.3 Physical Pretreatment; 5.3.1 Machinery Used in Physical Pretreatment; 5.3.2 Physical Pretreatment of Woody Biomass; 5.4 Physicochemical Pretreatment.
- 5.4.1 Steam Explosion or Steam Pretreatment5.4.2 Liquid Hot Water (LHW) Pretreatment; 5.4.3 Ammonia-Based Pretreatments Method; 5.4.4 Ammonia Fiber/Freeze Explosion (AFEX); 5.4.5 Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP); 5.4.6 Soaking Aqueous Ammonia (SAA); 5.4.7 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pretreatment; 5.4.8 Organosolv Pretreatment; 5.4.9 Ionic Liquid (IL) Pretreatment; 5.4.10 N-Methyl Morpholine N-Oxide (NMMO) Pretreatment; 5.5 Chemical Pretreatment; 5.5.1 Aqueous Acid Pretreatment; 5.5.2 Sulfur Dioxide Pretreatment; 5.5.3 Alkaline Pretreatment Methods; 5.5.4 Lime Pretreatment.