Proportional liability : analytical and comparative perspectives /

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Courts have, traditionally, required the plaintiff to prove to the requisite standard of proof that causation exists. This monograph addresses what has, to date, been a modest reform toward permitting recovery based on a probability that causation exists, discounting the damages awarded by the proba...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Gilʻad, Yiśraʼel, Green, Michael D., 1950-, Koch, Bernhard A., Askeland, Bjarte
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Berlin : De Gruyter, [2013]
Colección:Tort and insurance law ; v. 33.
Temas:
Liability (Law)
Torts > United States.
Responsabilité civile > États-Unis.
Responsabilité (Droit)
LAW > Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice.
Torts
United States
Tort Law.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • General Report: Causal Uncertainty and Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Report; I. Introduction; 1. Meaning and Definition of Proportional Liability in the Project; 2. Causal Proportional Liability Contrasted with Proportional Liability Among Multiple Tortfeasors Based on Contributory (Comparative) Negligence; 3. The Aim of This Project; 4. Structure; II. Categories of Proportional Liability; 1. Why Categorize?; 2. Category A
  • Uncertain Causes of Past Harm; A. Sub-category A1
  • 'alternative liability'
  • indeterminate tortfeasors.
  • B. Sub-category A2
  • 'market-share liability'
  • causally unrelated tortfeasors and victimsC. Sub-category A3
  • 'pollution or drug cases'
  • indeterminate victims; D. Sub-category A4
  • 'The hard case'; E. Sub-category A5
  • 'lost chances'; 3. Category B
  • Indeterminate Parts of Harm; A. Sub-category B1
  • all parts of P's harm were caused by liable Ds; B. Sub-category B2
  • some parts of P's harm were caused by other factors; 4. Category C
  • Unrealized Risks with Potential for Future Harms; 5. Category D
  • 'Combination Cases'; III. Policy Considerations; IV. Burden and Standard of Proof.
  • v. Category A
  • Uncertain Causes of Past Harm1. Sub-category A1
  • 'Alternative Liability'
  • Indeterminate Tortfeasor; A. Analysis; B. A1 cases in comparison; 2. Sub-category A2
  • 'Market-share Liability'
  • Causally Unrelated Tortfeasors and Victims; A. Analysis; B. A2 cases in comparison; 3. Sub-category A3
  • 'Pollution or Drug Cases'
  • Indeterminate Victims; A. Analysis; B. A3 cases in comparison; 4. Sub-category A4
  • 'The Hard Case'; A. Analysis; B. A4 cases in comparison; 5. Sub-category A5
  • The 'Lost Chance' Doctrine; A. Analysis; B. A5 cases in comparison.
  • VI. Category B
  • Indeterminate Parts of Harm1. Sub-category B1
  • Indeterminate Parts of Harm Caused by Tortious Actors; A. Analysis; B. B1 cases in comparison; 2. Sub-category B2
  • Indeterminate Parts of Harm Caused by Non-tortious Factors; A. Analysis; B. B2 cases in comparison; VII. Category C
  • Risks of Future Harm; 1. Sub-category C1
  • Future Harm Uncertain Entirely; A. Analysis; B. C1 cases in comparison; 2. Sub-Category C2
  • Extent of Future Harm Uncertain; A. Analysis; B. C2 cases in comparison; VIII. Category D
  • 'Combination Cases'; 1. On the meaning of combination cases.
  • 2. How to cope with 'combination cases'IX. Summary and Conclusions; 1. How to Approach CPL Issues?; 2. The Relevant Factual Effects of CPL; 3. Normative Considerations; 4. On the Cautious Monitored Development of CPL; 5. On the Comparative Landscape; 6. On Future Developments; Categories of Proportional Liability; Category A
  • Uncertain Causes of Past Harm; Sub-category A1
  • 'Alternative Liability'
  • Indeterminate Tortfeasor; Sub-category A2
  • 'Market-share Liability'
  • Causally Unrelated Tortfeasors and Victims; Sub-category A3
  • 'Pollution or Drug Cases'
  • Indeterminate Victims.
  • Sub-category A4
  • 'The Hard Case'

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