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MRI Techniques.
The rapid developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the past 20 years have affirmed its supremacy over most other means of non-invasive exploration of the human body. This progress has had other consequences for imaging physicists: having knowledge about only one of the sides of MRI is n...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken :
Wiley,
2013.
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| Colección: | ISTE.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title Page; Contents; Chapter 1. Flow; 1.1. Blood; 1.1.1. Characteristics of bloodflow; 1.1.2. Laminar flow and turbulent flow; 1.2. Basic phenomena in angiography; 1.2.1. Time of Flight (TOF); 1.2.2. Phenomenon of dephasing of circular spins; 1.3. Artifacts relating to the flow; 1.3.1. Artifact of pulsatile flow of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 1.3.2. Fluid location error; 1.3.3. Other artifacts; 1.4. MRA sequences; 1.4.1. Time of Flight (TOF); 1.4.2. Phase-contrast angiography (PCA); 1.4.3. The "match" between TOF and PCA imaging; 1.4.4. Contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA).
- 1.5. Study of two clinical problems1.5.1. Differentiation between a thrombus and a slow flow; 1.5.2. "Correct" evaluation of a stenosis; Chapter 2. Diffusion; 2.1. General points; 2.1.1. What is diffusion?; 2.1.2. What is the medical interest held by diffusion?; 2.1.3. The three main types of diffusion; 2.2. Principle behind diffusion imaging and the associated sequence; 2.3. Study of the obtained signal; 2.3.1. Expression of the signal; 2.3.2. Diffusion coefficient; 2.3.3. The b factor; 2.4. Diffusion sequence and diffusion images; 2.4.1. Complete sequence; 2.4.2. Diffusion image.
- 2.4.3. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps2.4.4. Pitfall images; 2.5. The different clinical applications for diffusion; 2.5.1. Study of an ischemic accident; 2.5.2. Cerebral abscess or necrotic tumor?; 2.5.3. Limitations of diffusion imaging; 2.6. Artifacts frequently encountered in diffusion; 2.6.1. Artifact specific to EPI; 2.6.2. Artifact peculiar to the diffusion sequence; 2.7. Diffusion-tensor imaging; 2.7.1. Advantage; 2.7.2. General principles of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); 2.7.3. Diffusion tensor imaging; 2.7.4. Clinical applications; 2.8. Tractography; 2.8.1. FACT method.
- 2.8.2. Two important parameters in this method2.8.3. The problem of crossed fibers; 2.8.4. Clinical applications; Chapter 3 . Perfusion; 3.1. General points; 3.1.1. What is perfusion?; 3.1.2. What is the medical advantage to perfusion?; 3.2. Exogenous tracers; 3.2.1. Technique; 3.2.2. Information obtained with a perfusion sequence; 3.2.3. Alteration of the parameters as a function of the type of disease; 3.2.4. Optimization; 3.3. Endogenous tracers: ASL technique; 3.3.1. Why use endogenous tracers?; 3.3.2. Principle and sensitivity of the endogenous tracer method.
- 3.3.3. Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (CASL)3.3.4. PASL (Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling) technique; 3.3.5. CASL or PASL?; 3.3.6. Conclusion: advantages and limitations of ASL; 3.4. Medical applications; 3.4.1. Ischemic CVA; 3.4.2. Tumors; 3.4.3. Other applications; Chapter 4 . Functional MRI; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Principle; 4.2.1. Origin of fMRI signal (BOLD effect); 4.2.2. Type of paradigm; 4.2.3. Type of sequence used in fMRI; 4.3. Introduction to statistical analysis; 4.3.1. Why this study?; 4.3.2. How should this analysis be done?; 4.3.3. Simple linear regression technique.