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Practical guide to ICP-MS : a tutorial for beginners /
"Presenting an in-depth discussion of the fundamental principles, analytical advantages, and practical capabilities of ICP-MS, this volume offers key concepts in a reader-friendly format suitable for those with limited knowledge of the technique. Written by an insider with more than 20 years ex...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Boca Raton, FL :
CRC Press,
[2013]
|
| Edición: | Third edition. |
| Colección: | Practical spectroscopy ;
38. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine generated contents note: Principles of Operation
- Ion Formation
- Natural Isotopes
- Aerosol Generation
- Droplet Selection
- Nebulizers
- Concentric Design
- Cross-Flow Design
- Microflow Design
- Spray Chambers
- Double-Pass Spray Chamber
- Cyclonic Spray Chamber
- Aerosol Dilution
- The Plasma Torch
- Formation of an ICP Discharge
- The Function of the RF Generator
- Ionization of the Sample
- Capacitive Coupling
- Ion Kinetic Energy
- Benefits of a Well-Designed Interface
- Role of the Ion Optics
- Dynamics of Ion Flow
- Commercial Ion Optic Designs
- Quadrupole Technology
- Basic Principles of Operation
- Quadrupole Performance Criteria
- Resolution
- Abundance Sensitivity
- Benefit of Good Abundance Sensitivity
- Magnetic Sector Mass Spectroscopy: A Historical Perspective
- Use of Magnetic Sector Technology for ICP-MS
- Principles of Operation of Magnetic Sector Technology
- Resolving Power.
- Note continued: Other Benefits of Magnetic Sector Instruments
- Simultaneous Measurement Approach Using One Detector
- Summing Up
- Basic Principles of Time-of-Flight (TOF) Technology
- Commercial Designs
- Differences between Orthogonal and On-Axis TOF
- Benefits of TOF Technology for ICP-MS
- Rapid Transient Peak Analysis
- Improved Precision
- Rapid Data Acquisition
- Basic Principles of Collision/Reaction Cells
- Different Collision/Reaction Cell Approaches
- Collisional Mechanisms Using Nonreactive Gases and KED
- Reaction Mechanisms with Highly Reactive Gases and Discrimination by Selective Bandpass Mass Filtering
- Dynamic Reaction Cell
- Low Mass Cut-Off Collision/Reaction Cell
- "Triple Quadrupole" Collision/Reaction Cell
- MS Mode
- MS/MS Mode
- On-Mass MS/MS Mode
- Mass-Shift MS/MS Mode
- The Collision/Reaction Interface
- Using Reaction Mechanisms in a Collision Cell
- The "Universal" Cell
- Detection Limit Comparison
- Summing Up.
- Note continued: Channel Electron Multiplier
- Faraday Cup
- Discrete Dynode Electron Multiplier
- Extending the Dynamic Range
- Filtering the Ion Beam
- Using Two Detectors
- Using Two Scans with One Detector
- Using One Scan with One Detector
- Extending the Dynamic Range Using Pulse-Only Mode
- Simultaneous Array Detectors
- Measurement Variables
- Measurement Protocol
- Optimization of Measurement Protocol
- Multielement Data Quality Objectives
- Data Quality Objectives for Single-Particle ICP-MS Studies
- Quantitative Analysis
- External Standardization
- Standard Additions
- Addition Calibration
- Semiquantitative Analysis
- Isotope Dilution
- Isotope Ratios
- Internal Standardization
- Spectral Interferences
- Oxides, Hydroxides, Hydrides, and Doubly Charged Species
- Isobaric Interferences
- Ways to Compensate for Spectral Interferences
- Mathematical Correction Equations
- Cool/Cold Plasma Technology
- Collision/Reaction Cells.
- Note continued: High-Resolution Mass Analyzers
- Matrix Interferences
- Compensation Using Internal Standardization
- Space-Charge-Induced Matrix Interferences
- Collecting the Sample
- Preparing the Sample
- Grinding the Sample
- Sample Dissolution Methods
- Choice of Reagents and Standards
- Vessels, Containers, and Sample Preparation Equipment
- The Environment
- The Analyst
- Instrument and Methodology
- Sample Introduction System
- Peristaltic Pump Tubing
- Nebulizers
- Spray Chamber
- Plasma Torch
- Interface Region
- Ion Optics
- Roughing Pumps
- Air Filters
- Other Components to Be Periodically Checked
- The Detector
- Turbomolecular Pumps
- Mass Analyzer and Collision/Reaction Cell
- Summing Up
- Laser Ablation
- Commercial Systems for ICP-MS
- Excimer Lasers
- Benefits of Laser Ablation for ICP-MS
- Optimum Laser Design Based on Application Requirements
- 193-nm ArF Laser Technology
- Flow Injection Analysis.
- Note continued: Electrothermal Vaporization
- Chilled Spray Chambers and Desolvation Devices
- Water-Cooled and Peltier-Cooled Spray Chambers
- Ultrasonic Nebulizers
- Specialized Microflow Nebulizers with Desolvation Techniques
- Direct Injection Nebulizers (DIN)
- Enhanced Productivity Sampling Systems
- Faster Analysis Times
- Automated Inline Autodilution and Autocalibration
- Automated Inline Chemistry Methods
- HPLC Coupled with ICP-MS
- Chromatographic Separation Requirements
- Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC)
- Reversed-Phase Ion Pair Chromatography (RP-IPC)
- Column Material
- Isocratic or Gradient Elution
- Sample Introduction Requirements
- Optimization of ICP-MS Parameters
- Compatibility with Organic Solvents
- Collision/Reaction Cell or Interface Capability
- Optimization of Peak Measurement Protocol
- Full Software Control and Integration
- Summing Up
- Environmental
- Biomedical
- Sample Preparation
- Interference Corrections.
- Note continued: Calibration
- Stability
- Geochemical
- Determination of Rare Earth Elements
- Analysis of Digested Rock Samples Using Flow Injection (FI)
- Geochemical Prospecting
- Isotope Ratio Studies
- Laser Ablation
- Semiconductor
- Nuclear
- Applications Related to the Production of Nuclear Materials
- Applications in the Characterization of High-Level Nuclear Waste
- Applications Involving the Monitoring of the Nuclear Industry's Impact on the Environment
- Applications Involving Human Health Studies
- Other Applications
- Metallurgical Applications
- Petrochemical and Organic-Based Samples
- Food and Agriculture
- Pharmaceutical
- Summing Up
- Analysis of Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewaters (FGDW)
- Draft of U.S. EPA ICP-MS Standard Operating Procedure for FGDW Samples
- Method of Sample Preparation
- Instrument Parameters
- Proposed U.S. EPA FGDW Methodology.
- Note continued: Multielement Analysis of Seawater Using Automated Inline Chemistry Procedures
- Analytical Methodology
- Sample Preparation
- ICP-MS Instrumental Parameters
- seaFAST 3 Modes of Operation
- Results
- Characterization of Nanoparticles by ICP-MS
- Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs)
- Potential for Environmental Impact
- Analytical Methodologies
- Single Particle ICP-MS Studies
- Optimized Measurement Protocol
- Field Flow Fractionation (FFF) Coupled with ICP-MS
- FFF Coupled with ICP-MS
- Particle Size Reference Standards
- Calibration Strategies
- Recovery
- Flame Atomic Absorption
- Electrothermal Atomization (ETA)
- Radial-View ICP Optical Emission
- Axial-View ICP Optical Emission
- Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
- Define the Objective
- Establish Performance Criteria
- Define the Application Task
- Application
- Installation
- User
- Financial
- Comparison of Techniques
- Detection Limits.
- Note continued: Analytical Working Range
- Sample Throughput
- Interferences
- Usability
- Cost of Ownership
- Summing Up
- Evaluation Objectives
- Analytical Performance
- Detection Capability
- Precision
- Isotope Ratio Precision
- Accuracy
- Dynamic Range
- Interference Reduction
- Reduction of Matrix-Induced Interferences
- Sample Throughput
- Transient Signal Capability
- Single-Particle ICP-MS Transient Signals
- Usability Aspects
- Ease of Use
- Routine Maintenance
- Compatibility with Alternative Sampling Accessories
- Installation of Instrument
- Technical Support
- Training
- Reliability Issues
- Service Support
- Financial Considerations
- Evaluation Process: A Summary.