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Rethinking economic growth : Towards productive and inclusive Arab societies.
This report traces the consequences of the ""Arab Spring"" for labour markets in the wake of a surge in commodity and energy prices; the impacts of a global recession on public revenues; increased uncertainty for investors; a rise in unemployment; and greater demands for social j...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Geneva :
International Labour Organization,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title page; Copyright; Contents; List of figures; List of tables; List of text boxes; Foreword; Background papers; Acronyms; List of definitions; OVERVIEW Summary of findings and policy directions; Introduction; The labour demand side:binding macroeconomic policy constraints; The supply side: more education but low labour force participation; The labour market inaction: mixed results across the region; Quality of employment, poverty, inequality and social protection; Prospects; General policy directions; 1. Macroeconomic policy coherence aimed at economic growth and shared benefits.
- 2. Promotion of participatory and inclusive social dialogue3. Expansion of coverage and increased effectiveness of social protection; Specific policies; 4. Improved migration management; 5. Well-designed employment policies and active labour market programmes; 6. Increased quality and greater relevance of education and training; 7. Better statistics and effective monitoring and evaluation of policies andprogrammes; Chapter 1 Output and employment growth; Introduction; Slow growth but fast employment creation; Figure 1.1: Arab countries had low GDP per capita growth in the 1980s and 1990s.
- Figure 1.2: GDP growth in the Arab region accelerated after 2000 but was still slower than other regionsSectoral changes in employment: resilient agriculture and expanding services; Figure 1.3: The employment response to output growth was significant; Figure 1.4: Productivity gains have been small in the Arab region; Figure 1.5: In relation to incomes, employment growth in agriculture is still high in the Arab region; The private sector: still constrained after the reforms; Figure 1.6: Labour reallocation across sectors contributed negatively to productivity growth in the Arab region.
- Figure 1.7: Most employment gains were in the services sectorFigure 1.8: Selected indicators for the private sector; Figure 1.9: Investments in manufacturing led to sizeable employment creation; Figure 1.10: Access to land is a major or severe constraint on investment; Table 1.1 Private sector priority constraints from enterprise surveys 2000s; The key role of migration in the region; Table 1.2: Employment growth (number) Jordan, 2000-2009; Social unrest: the ingredients were present; Text box 1.1: From regional economic champion to leader of the political transformation.
- Figure 1.11: Income growth and voice and accountability have been low in the Arab statesText box 1.2: Liberalisation and employment; Post-2010 policies:a strategic approach required; Table 1.3: Country responses to the Arab spring by employment measure, post-2010; Text box 1.3: Labour standards, economic performance and inequality; Concluding remarks; Chapter 2 Population, labour supply, employment and unemployment; Introduction; Figure 2.1: Population and labour force pressures have declined in the last 20 years; Figure 2.2: Ratio of youth-to-adult population declined continuously.