The physics of rock failure and earthquakes /

Mostrar otras versiones (1)

"Physical modelling of earthquake generation processes is essential to further our understanding of seismic hazard. However, the scale-dependent nature of earthquake rupture processes is further complicated by the heterogeneous nature of the crust. Despite significant advances in the understand...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Ōnaka, Michiyasu, 1940-2021
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Temas:
Seismology.
Rock mechanics.
Earthquakes.
Earthquakes
Sismologie.
Mécanique des roches.
Tremblements de terre.
earthquakes.
SCIENCE > Geophysics.
NATURE > Earthquakes & Volcanoes.
SCIENCE > Earth Sciences > Seismology & Volcanism.
Rock mechanics
Seismology
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Preface
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Fundamentals of rock failure physics
  • 2.1 Mechanical properties and constitutive relations
  • 2.1.1 Elastic deformation
  • 2.1.2 Ductile deformation
  • 2.1.3 Fracture
  • 2.1.4 Friction
  • 2.2 Basics of rock fracture mechanics
  • 2.2.1 Energy release rate and resistance to rupture growth
  • 2.2.2 Stress concentration and cohesive zone model
  • 2.2.3 Breakdown zone model for shear failure
  • 2.2.4 j-integral and energy criterion for shear failure
  • 2.2.5 Relation between resistance to rupture growth and constitutive relation parameters
  • 3 Laboratory-derived constitutive relations for shear failure
  • 3.1 Shear failure of intact rock
  • 3.1.1 Method and apparatus used
  • 3.1.2 Constitutive relations derived from data on the shear failure of intact rock
  • 3.1.3 Geometric irregularity of shear-fractured surfaces and characteristic length
  • 3.2 Frictional slip failure on precut rock interface
  • 3.2.1 Method and apparatus used
  • 3.2.2 Geometric irregularity of precut fault surfaces and characteristic length
  • 3.2.3 Constitutive relations derived from data on frictional stick-slip failure
  • 3.2.4 Laboratory-derived relationships between physical quantities observed during dynamic slip rupture propagation
  • 3.3 Unifying constitutive formulation and a constitutive scaling law
  • 3.3.1 Unification of constitutive relations for shear fracture and for frictional slip failure
  • 3.3.2 A constitutive scaling law
  • 3.3.3 Critical energy required for shear fracture and for frictional stick-slip failure
  • 3.3.4 Stabilityinstability of the breakdown process
  • 3.3.5 Breakdown zone size
  • 3.4 Dependence of constitutive law parameters on environmental factors
  • 3.4.1 Introduction
  • 3.4.2 Dependence of shear failure strength on environmental factors.
  • 3.4.3 Dependence of breakdown stress drop on environmental factors
  • 3.4.4 Dependence of breakdown displacement on environmental factors
  • 4 Constitutive laws for earthquake ruptures
  • 4.1 Basic foundations for constitutive formulations
  • 4.2 Rate-dependent constitutive formulations
  • 4.3 Slip-dependent constitutive formulations
  • 4.4 Depth dependence of constitutive law parameters
  • 5 Earthquake generation processes
  • 5.1 Shear failure nucleation processes observed in the laboratory
  • 5.1.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.2 Experimental method
  • 5.1.3 Nucleation phases observed on faults with different surface roughnesses
  • Rough fault
  • Smooth fault
  • Extremely smooth fault
  • 5.1.4 Scaling of the nucleation zone size
  • 5.2 Earthquake rupture nucleation
  • 5.2.1 Seismogenic background
  • 5.2.2 Physical modeling and theoretical derivation of the nucleation zone size
  • 5.2.3 Comparison of theoretical relations with seismological data
  • 5.2.4 Foreshock activity associated with the nucleation process
  • 5.3 Dynamic propagation and generation of strong motion seismic waves
  • 5.3.1 Slip velocity and slip acceleration in the breakdown zone
  • 5.3.2 The cutoff frequency fs max of the power spectral density of slip acceleration at the source
  • 5.3.3 Environmental factors for the generation of high-frequency strong motion at the source
  • 6 Physical scale-dependence
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Scaling property incorporated into the slip-dependent constitutive law
  • 6.3 Root cause of scale-dependence
  • 6.4 Physical scaling of scale-dependent physical quantities
  • 6.4.1 Scaling relationships between Xc and Dc, and between Lc and Dc
  • 6.4.2 Physical scaling of the duration time of shear rupture nucleation
  • 6.4.3 Scale-dependence of apparent shear rupture energy
  • 6.5 Fault heterogeneity and the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relation.
  • 7 Large earthquake generation cycles and accompanying seismic activity
  • 7.1 The cyclical process of typical large earthquakes on a fault
  • 7.2 The process leading up to a large earthquake and seismic activity
  • 7.2.1 Seismic activity at later stages of the recurrence interval
  • 7.2.2 Seismic activity immediately before a mainshock earthquake
  • 7.3 Predictability of large earthquakes
  • 7.3.1 Introduction
  • 7.3.2 Long-term forecasting
  • 7.3.3 Intermediate-term forecasting
  • Other precursory phenomena that may be helpful for an intermediate-term forecast
  • 7.3.4 Short-term forecasting
  • Illustration credits
  • Copyright by the American Geophysical Union
  • Copyright by the American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Copyright by the Seismological Society of America
  • Copyright by Birkhauser Verlag
  • Copyright by Elsevier Science Publishers
  • Copyright by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
  • Copyright by TERRAPUB
  • Copyright by the University of Tokyo Press
  • References
  • Index.

Ejemplares similares