Cargando…
Russia in Asia : a record and study, 1558-1899 /
Traces the successive stages of the growth of Asiatic Russia, and describes the policies which have brought it about. More than two hundred authorities were consulted, including Russian primary sources and British official documents.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Leiden ; Boston :
Global Oriental,
2012.
|
| Colección: | Global Oriental classic reprints ;
no. 11. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine generated contents note: Rapid growth of Russian Empire
- Extent to-day
- Water communications
- Lack of seaboard
- Political divisions
- Asiatic development
- Climate
- Caucasia, The Kirghiz Steppe
- Turkestan
- Transcaspia
- The Khanates
- Siberia
- Races and religions
- European influence in Asia
- Bareness of Asiatic territory
- Neighbouring States
- Spheres of influence outside true boundaries,
- Discovery and first exploration of Asiatic territory
- Yermak's expeditions
- His claim to having been the first to invade Siberia
- Founding of Tobolsk, Tomsk, Yeniseisk, and Yakutsk
- Poyarkoff's mission
- Khabaroff continues his work
- Simoviof joins him
- Stepanof, his fate
- Pashkof
- Chinese opposition to Russian exploration
- Albazin founded
- Embassy to Peking
- Chinese attack Russians on the Amur
- Golovin's embassy to Peking
- Treaty of Nerchinsk
- Ides' mission to Peking
- Annexation of Kamchatka.
- Note continued: Commencement of penal colonies in Siberia
- Ismaloff's embassy to Peking
- His reception by Kanghi
- Muravieff goes to Siberia
- Nicolaievsk and Mariinsk founded
- Muravieff starts down the Amur
- Treaty of Aigun
- Treaty of Tientsin
- Amur and Maritime provinces formed
- Treaty of Peking,
- Early Relations with Central Asia
- Bekovitch's Expedition
- Surrender of Kirghiz hordes
- Dealings with Khiva
- Missions to Bokhara
- Line of Forts commenced
- Perovski's attempt on Khiva
- Campaign against Khokand
- Province of Turkestan created
- Fall of Bokhara
- Annexation of Zerafshan Valley
- Fall of Khiva
- Expedition against Turkomans
- Yomud Massacre,
- Lomakin's expeditions into Turkomania
- Lazareff assumes command in Transcaspia
- His march against the Tekkes
- Sudden death of the Commander-in-chief
- Lomakin resumes command
- He massacres the Tekkes at Dengeel Tepe
- Failure of his expedition and defeat.
- Note continued: Retreat of the Russian army
- Lomakin disgraced
- Skobeleff assumes command
- His reconnaissance
- March to Geok Tepe
- The siege
- Fall of the Tekke stronghold
- Flight of the Turkomans
- Massacre of the 8000,
- Relations between Russia and Persia
- First War with Persia
- Annexation of Persian Provinces
- Treaty of Gulistan
- Second War with Persia
- Treaty of Turcomanchai
- Attack on Herat
- Failure of Siege
- Occupation of Ashurada
- Second attempt on Herat
- Persian War with England
- Growth of Russian influence in Persia
- Annexation of Caspian coast-line
- Krasnovodsk replaces Ashurada
- Michaelovsk and Chikishlar established
- Atrek boundary established
- Sarakhs occupied
- Future of Persia
- A Russian dependency
- Helplessness of the people
- Supremacy of Russia in northern Persia,
- First intrusion of Russian merchants into Asia due to chance
- Objects of Yermak and Chabaroff.
- Note continued: Necessity of inflicting a lesson on Kirghiz Nomads
- Difference between Russian invasion of Siberia and Central Asia
- Reasons which have led to continued conquest
- Benefits conferred by Russian rule
- Cruelty of Russian methods
- Skobeleff's justification of same
- Russia's impulse towards the East
- Russian social system
- Military methods in Asia
- Love of decorations
- Corruption
- Russian love of intrigue
- The Oriental mode of reasoning
- Balance of evidence as to benefit of Russian rule in Asia
- Civilising influence
- Universal militarism of Russian system
- Neglect of the needs of the people
- Restriction of freedom and lack of public opinion
- The Church and the Army
- The outcome of their influence
- Russian diplomatic methods
- Unscrupulous and successful
- Secret agents
- The only limitation of Russian growth,
- First Russian designs against India
- Simon Malinki
- De St. Génie
- Paul
- Napoleon.
- Note continued: Duhamel's proposal
- Skobeleff's plan
- Russian aim in conquest of Central Asia
- Russian view of British rule in India
- Secret Missions
- Vitkievitch
- Pashino
- Grodekoff
- Stolyetof
- Russia's option respecting Afghanistan
- Possibility of a Russian invasion of India
- Difficulties of communication in Afghanistan
- Base of supplies
- Probable strength of invading force
- Russian aim in Afghanistan
- Impossibility of an invasion from Merv or Herat
- Probabilities relied on
- Russian intentions long decided
- Option of this country
- Choice of routes into Afghanistan from Central Asia
- English views of Russian policy
- Cost of conquest in Central Asia,
- Origin of relations between Russia and China
- Treaty of Peking
- Rebellion in Ili
- Russian occupation of Kulja
- Chunghow's mission to St. Petersburg
- Treaty of Di
- Russian exploration of China
- China-Japanese War
- Russian interference in terms of peace.
- Note continued: The Cassini Convention
- Occupation of Port Arthur
- Russian influence in China,
- Introduction of railways into Russia
- Main Siberian highway the only road till 1880
- Origin of the Trans-Siberian railway
- Central Asiatic railway scheme
- Peculiarities of construction
- Strategic aim of the line
- Its future development
- The branch to Kushk
- Effect of Transcaspian railway as a civilising influence
- Siberian line
- Changes in original plan
- Engineering difficulties
- Distances
- Manchurian branch
- Exaggerated popular estimate of its military importance
- Schemes for Chinese railways
- Vastness of Russian railway schemes
- British interest to check these,
- Anomalies in Russian policy
- Rivalry between Russia and England
- Origin of this
- History of conflict between Russia and India
- Afghan War
- Conquest of Central Asia
- Compact of 1844
- Crimean War
- Position of Russia in Turkestan.
- Note continued: Gortchakoff's Circular of 1864
- Reception accorded it in England
- Lord Clarendon's proposal for declaring neutrality of Afghanistan
- Russo-Afghan frontier of 1872
- Schouvaloff's assurances respecting Khiva
- Lord Palmerston's summary of Russian methods
- Russian mission to Kabul
- Second Afghan War
- Altered Russo-Persian frontier
- Sarakhs
- Merv
- The key of Herat
- Russian assurances
- Russian duplicity
- Lazareffs message
- Afghan Frontier Commission
- Rawal Pindi Conference
- Russian advance on Penjdeh
- British concessions
- Batum
- Pamirs dispute,
- Possibility of a Russian invasion of India
- England's policy in regard to same
- First understanding with Russia as to Central Asia
- Palmerston's views
- Afghanistan
- First Afghan War
- Umballa Conference
- Dissatisfaction of Shere Ali
- Backsliding of British Government
- Lord Lytton's overtures too late
- Stolyetof Mission at Kabul
- Second Afghan war.
- Note continued: Neglected opportunities
- Kandahar and its occupation
- Abdur Rahman
- His reasoning
- Failure of British policy
- The Afghan frontier
- Its defences
- Routes to the Indus
- Herat the key to India
- Its position and defences
- Prospects of Russian occupation
- The duty of England
- Skobeleff's forecast of events
- Prospects of Ameer's death
- Critical juncture approaching,
- Opposite views of Russian policy
- These tend to play into Russia's hands
- Position of Russia
- Rationale of her methods
- Only test of diplomacy, its success
- Its constancy
- Guiding principles
- Contrast between Russian and English methods
- How Asiatic peoples are civilised
- Russian rule in Central Asia
- British rule in India
- Variation of British methods
- Folly in Afghanistan
- The Kandahar episode
- Britain's weakness Russia's strength
- Russia's characteristics
- Necessity of abandoning theories in judging Russian methods.
- Note continued: The two classes to be found in Russia
- The Tchinoviks
- The masses
- The Russian army
- Its influence
- Condition of the people
- Rivalry between England and Russia
- Russia's limits
- The contest in China
- The Port Arthur episode
- Russian railways in China
- Russian views of British methods
- Russia's difficulty
- The financial question
- The Tsar's Rescript
- Its object and its possible result,
- Asiatic frontiers of Russia
- The Pamirs Question
- Russo-Afghan frontier
- Continuity of Russian success
- Conflict of interests between Russia and England
- Russia's future action cramped by British opposition
- Extreme views of Russophobe and Russophile parties
- Rivalry between Russia and England due to natural and not to artificial causes
- Reason for the constant diplomatic triumph of Russia over Britain
- Weakness of British Governments
- The story of Port Arthur
- Lack of reliable information in official circles.
- Note continued: Weakness of British foreign policy
- Its cause
- The theory of a 'buffer State'
- The 'open door' cease
- Remarkable tolerance by Britain of Russian protests in Far East
- Futility of unsupported policy of protest
- The Afghan Question
- Asia Minor
- Persia
- Tibet
- China
- Only possible limits of Russian aggression
- China at the mercy of the Tsar
- Impossibility of existing social conditions being indefinitely prolonged
- Siberia, a contrast to European Russia in feeling
- Its people
- Causes at work tending to the spread of individual thought
- Sympathy between the army and the people
- Artificiality of Russian system
- Its limits
- Its destiny,
- Treaty Of Nerchinsk, 1689,
- Treaty Of Gulistan, 1813,
- Treaty Of Turkomanchai, 1828,
- Treaty Of Peking, 1860,
- Correspondence Settling The Russo-Afghan Frontier Of 1872,
- Treaty Or Khiva, 1873,
- Treaty Of Bokhara, 1873,
- Treaty Or Ili, 1881,
- Note continued: Akhal-Khorassan Boundary Convention, 1881,
- Russo-Afghan Boundary Convention, 1887,
- Convention Between Great Britain And Russia, 1895,
- Manchurian Railway Agreement, 1896,
- Russo-Chinese Convention, Respecting Port Arthur And Talienwan, 1898,
- Anglo-Russian Agreement, Respecting Spheres Of Influence In China, 1899.