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In-situ characterization of heterogeneous catalysts /
"This book describes innovative techniques to study catalysts and reaction mechanisms, helping chemists improve the performance of their reactions and the efficiency (through reduced materials and waste) of catalyst preparation. It explains both the scope and limitations of specific techniques,...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Hoboken, NJ :
Wiley,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Contributors; Introduction: Goals and Challenges for the In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts; Catalysis and the Need to Characterize Active Sites in Different Types of Materials and Chemical Environments; Catalyst Composition and Active Phase Identification; Structural Features and Spatial Array of the Active Phase in the Catalyst; The Surface Morphology of the Catalyst Active Phase; Electronic Properties and Chemical State of the Active Phase in the Catalyst; Properties of Adsorbates, Surface Chemistry, and Reaction Mechanism.
- AcknowledgmentReferences; 1: QEXAFS in Catalysis Research: Principles, Data Analysis, and Applications; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Implementation; 1.3 Data Analysis Methods; 1.3.1 One-Step Reaction; 1.3.2 Two-Step Reactions; 1.4 Examples of QEXAFS in Catalysis Research; 1.5 Summary and Outlook; Acknowledgments; References; 2: Spatially Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy; 2.3 Full-Field Microscopy and Tomography; 2.3.1 Full-Field Imaging with High Spatial Resolution; 2.3.2 Full-Field Imaging of a Catalyst during Partial Oxidation of Methane.
- 2.3.3 Time-Resolved Imaging of a Catalyst during the Ignition of Partial Oxidation of Methane2.3.4 Tomography; 2.4 Scanning Microscopy and Tomography; 2.4.1 Experimental Setup and Contrast Mechanisms; 2.4.2 Scanning Modes in Microscopy and Tomography; 2.4.3 Example: XANES Tomography of a Cu/ZnO Catalyst inside a Reactor Capillary; 2.5 Outlook; References; 3: Energy-Dispersive EXAFS: Principles and Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Dispersive Concept and Its Ramifications for the Study of Heterogeneous Materials.
- 3.2.1 Detectors, Bandwidths, and Inline Normalization3.2.2 Issues Related to X-ray Scattering and Sample Uniformity; 3.3 Examples of Applications of Dispersive EXAFS to Problems in Catalysis; 3.3.1 Establishing the Significance of Vanadium Oxidation States during Selective Maleic Anhydride Synthesis from N-Butane; 3.3.2 Oscillations during CO Oxidation by O2 over Pd Catalysts; 3.3.3 Dispersive EXAFS for Characterizing Pt and PtGe Nanoparticles and Wires in Mesoporous Hosts; 3.3.4 Dispersive EXAFS and the World of Auto Exhaust Catalysis for Pollution Abatement.
- 3.4 Future Perspectives and Possibilities3.4.1 Difficult Samples, Dilute Samples, and Very High Time Resolution; 3.4.2 Spatial Measurements and Tomography; 3.4.3 Other Areas of Foreseeable or Ongoing Development; 3.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 4: In-situ Powder X-ray Diffraction in Heterogeneous Catalysis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Crystal Structure and Powder Diffraction; 4.3 Tools for In-situ Measurements; 4.3.1 X-ray Sources; 4.3.2 Flow Control and Product Analysis; 4.3.3 In-situ Cells; 4.3.4 Detectors; 4.3.5 Analysis.